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共208条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Pesticide poisoning: A response to Eddleston

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    机译 农药中毒：对埃德斯顿的回应
    摘要：
  • 2.

    【2hr】Open Defecation Practices in Lodwar, Kenya: A Mixed-Methods Research

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    机译 肯尼亚罗德瓦尔的露天排便实践：混合方法研究
    摘要：Background:As of the year 2014, about 2.5 billion people globally lacked access to improved sanitation. The situation is even worse in the sub-Saharan African countries including Kenya. The practice of open defecation (OD) peaks beyond 72% of the population in Turkana County, Kenya, despite various interventions to end it.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Reviewers for Environmental Health Insights: 2018

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    机译 环境健康洞察力审稿人：2018
    • 作者：
    • 刊名：Environmental Health Insights
    • 2019年第期
    摘要：
  • 4.

    【2hr】Exploring Association Between Individuals’ Stature and Type 2 Diabetes Status: Propensity Score Analysis

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    机译 探索个体身高与2型糖尿病状况之间的关联：倾向得分分析
    摘要：In this article, relationship between respondents’ height and occurrence of diabetes has been investigated. This study uses Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2011 data collected from an observational study. Considering height (tall/normal/short) based on percentiles separately for men and women, logistic regression model was fitted to the propensity score (PS)-adjusted weighted data. No significant relationship between respondents’ height and diabetes was observed. We also found that the occurrence of diabetes significantly varies with respect to sex, education level, wealth index, body mass index (BMI), and region/division. As, in general, women are shorter than men by nature, we strongly argue that height categories should be defined separately whenever estimation of the effect of height on some response is of interest.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Access to Soft-Surface, Green Exercise Trails in Mountainous, Urban Municipalities

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    机译 进入山区城市的软表面，绿色运动步道
    摘要：Soft-surface exercise infrastructure (ie off-road, mountain, and dirt trails) has been a particularly valuable community asset in mountainous, urban municipalities. This off-road, trail infrastructure can encourage individuals to engage in green exercise (ie physical activity done outside while in nature, for example, mountainous trails and near waterways). Green exercise can be helpful for encouraging individuals to participate in exercise who otherwise may not; it is especially helpful for promoting mental well-being and a sense of being connected to the environment. This study characterizes trail access and predictors among urban, mountainous municipalities in the Utah Wasatch Front region. Access was determined using two-standard deviation ellipses (2SDE) activity space analysis, and predictors were identified using multiple linear regression. About 42% municipalities had no trailhead access (ie no trailhead within its corresponding activity space). Trail density and trailheads were significantly correlated (r = 0.49, P = .004). There was a significant trail density cluster in the southern area of the study region, centered all over the city of Alpine. Reduced-model regression yielded trailheads and home income as being significant predictors of trail density, and trail density and elevation as being significant predictors for trailheads. Results demonstrate patterns of access to green exercise trails that align with socioeconomic and municipal elevation. The results of this research should be insightful for those who work in exercise promotion and urban planners.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Microbial Quality of Drinking Water and Prevalence of Water-Related Diseases in Marigat Urban Centre, Kenya

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    机译 肯尼亚马里加特城市中心的饮用水微生物质量和与水有关的疾病流行
    摘要：Background:Accessibility to potable water is a fundamental right for dignity and well-being. Despite this observation, more than 1.1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water. This is particularly true in the Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia regions.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Nutrition and Environmental Pollution Extension Curriculum Improved Diet-Related Behaviors and Environmental Health Literacy

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    机译 营养和环境污染扩展课程改善了饮食相关行为和环境健康素养
    摘要：Kentucky experiences some of the nation’s worst health outcomes related to obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and other age-related chronic diseases linked with oxidative stress and inflammation, which in turn are associated with poor diet, lack of physical activity, and exposure to certain environmental pollutants. In the Commonwealth, deteriorating infrastructure, inappropriate waste disposal, and potential occupational injury related to mining, agriculture, and other regionally important industries exacerbate the need for residents to have basic knowledge of potential environmental health threats. Unfortunately, community-level understanding of the complex connections between environmental exposures and health is limited, with many Kentuckians unaware that the Commonwealth is home to 13 hazardous waste sites included in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund National Priorities List (NPL). The NPL highlights priority sites for long-term remedial action to reduce environmental contaminants. To enhance the understanding of environmental health and protective actions, the University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center Community Engagement Core developed a 9-lesson extension curriculum “Body Balance: Protect Your Body from Pollution with a Healthy Lifestyle” (Body Balance) and partnered with Kentucky’s Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) Cooperative Extension Service to pilot the curriculum in Kentucky communities. FCS agents in 4 Kentucky counties delivered the Body Balance pilot study (18-31 participants per lesson). Pre- and post-lesson questionnaires revealed increased knowledge and awareness of the effects of environmental pollution on health and the protective role of dietary strategies. Focus group participants (n = 18) self-reported positive behavior changes because of increases in knowledge and leadership from their FCS agent. The Body Balance curriculum appeared to be a promising mechanism for raising environmental health and diet knowledge, as well as for promoting positive behavior changes among white, middle/older-aged women in rural Kentucky communities.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Modelling the Mediating Effect of Health Care Healing Environment on Core Health Care Delivery and Patient Satisfaction in Ghana

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    机译 模拟加纳医疗保健环境对核心医疗保健交付和患者满意度的中介作用
    摘要：Objective:The multifaceted nature of health care delivery has led to the need to incorporate strategies that will help to enhance performance and maintain the quality of the health care environment. However, even though dedicated health care staffs contribute to patients’ satisfaction of health care delivery, the health care environment must ensure the safety and well-being of patients. Like most developing countries, many public hospitals in Ghana are faced with challenges in the area of health care healing environment. Therefore, this article investigates the mediating effect of health care healing environment between health care core business and patients’ satisfaction.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Salmonella and Shigella Among Asymptomatic Street Food Vendors in the Dire Dawa city, Eastern Ethiopia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors

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    机译 埃塞俄比亚东部Dire Dawa市无症状街头食品摊贩中的沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌：患病率，抗菌药敏感性模式及相关因素
    摘要：Background:Salmonella and Shigella infections are a common public health problem throughout the world. The risk of getting infections is high, where asymptomatic street food vendors are preparing foods and vending. Current knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for appropriate treatment and management of these infections.
  • 10.

    【2hr】A Review of Studies Evaluating Insecticide Barrier Treatments for Mosquito Control From 1944 to 2018

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    机译 1944年至2018年评估用于控制蚊子的杀虫剂屏障处理的研究综述
    摘要：Background and Purpose:Barrier insecticide treatments have a long history in mosquito control programs but have been used more frequently in the United States in recent years for control of invasive “backyard” species (eg, Aedes albopictus) and increases in incidence of vector-borne diseases (eg, Zika).
  • 11.

    【2hr】Lessons Learned From the Creating Active Communities and HealthyEnvironments Toolkit Pilot: A Qualitative Study

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    机译 从创建活跃社区和健康中学到的经验教训环境工具箱试验：定性研究
    摘要：The US Army Public Health Center developed the Creating Active Communities and Healthy Environments (CACHE) Toolkit to help military installations evaluate the quality of their built environments relative to healthy eating, physical activity, and tobacco-free living. This study sought to improve its implementation process and assess subsequent Action Plan Guides’ utility at 5 military installations. Baseline data included a knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs survey (N = 34); post-Toolkit implementation data included focus groups (N = 2) and interviews (N = 10). Although >80% of participants agreed the built environment affects healthy living, only 44%, 53%, and 35% agreed their installations’ built environments promoted healthy eating, physical activity, and tobacco-free living, respectively. Emerging themes comprised “Opportunities to Improve Toolkit and Action Plan Guide Functionality,” the “Sociopolitical Landscape Affects Toolkit Implementation,” and the “Sociopolitical and Physical Landscapes Affect the Toolkit’s Value and Utility.” This study provides concrete lessons for the CACHE Toolkit and other public health-based military initiatives.
  • 12.

    【2hr】A Pilot Survey of Potentially Hazardous Trace Elements in the AquaticEnvironment Near a Coastal Coal-Fired Power Plant in Taiwan

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    机译 水产中潜在有害微量元素的初步调查台湾沿海燃煤电厂附近的环境
    摘要：Background:A limited number of potentially hazardous trace elements were quantified in the aquatic environment near the world’s second largest coal-fired power plant (CFPP) and the coal combustion residual (CCR) disposition sites in Central Taiwan. We postulated that contamination from specific trace elements would be present in the abovementioned aquatic environments.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Disarmament is the New War, Gold is the New Opium, and Ecohealth is the Historic Victim

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    机译 裁军是新战争，黄金是新鸦片，生态健康是历史受害者
    摘要：In Colombia, the convergence of drug trafficking, illegal armed groups, and gold production and trade threatens peace and stability in the post-FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) era, as had the narcotics trade previously. Armed groups and criminal organizations have increased and consolidated their influence over illegal mining and may be diverting US$5 billion from Colombia’s annual economy. As of 2014, 46% of the total area (78 939 ha) exploited for alluvial gold was in the Afro-Colombian Pacific States, in which unregulated mining was the main driver of deforestation. The informal job market represents 49% of the workforce and absent other economic alternatives, this workforce of ex-guerrillas, organized crime groups and corrupt officials will sustain the black markets that permeate gold mining. Human health consequences of unregulated gold mining are largely unrecognized, but include the spread of malaria and other insect-borne diseases, and we suggest diseases such as babesiosis.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Spatiotemporal Patterns of Small for Gestational Age and Low BirthWeight Births and Associations With Land Use and SocioeconomicStatus

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    机译 胎龄和低出生年龄的小时空分布体重出生及与土地利用和社会经济的关系状态
    摘要：In addition to small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight at term (LBWT), critically ill cases of SGA/LBWT are significant events from outcomes and economic perspectives that require further understanding of risk factors. We aimed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of locations where there were consistently higher numbers of critically ill SGA/LBWT (hot spots) in comparison with all SGA/LBWT and all births. We focused on Edmonton (2008-2010) and Calgary (2006-2010), Alberta, and used a geographical information system to apply emerging hot spot analysis, as a new approach for understanding SGA, LBWT, and the critically ill counterparts (ciSGA or ciLBWT). We also compared the resulting aggregated categorical patterns with proportions of land use and socioeconomic status (SES) using Spearman correlation and logistic regression. There was an overall increasing trend in all space-time clusters. Whole period emerging hot spot patterns among births and SGA generally coincided, but SGA with ciSGA and LBWT with ciLBWT did not. Regression coefficients were highest for low SES with SGA and LBWT, but not with ciSGA and ciLBWT. Open areas and industrial land use were most associated with ciLBWT but not with ciSGA, SGA, or LBWT. Differences in the space-time hot spot patterns and the associations withciSGA and ciLBWT indicate further need to research the interplay of maternal andenvironmental influences. We demonstrated the novel application of emerging hotspot analysis for small newborns and spatially related them to the surroundingenvironment.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Occupational Health Risks and Hazards Among the Fisherfolk in Kampi Samaki, Lake Baringo, Kenya

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    机译 肯尼亚Baringo湖Kampi Samaki渔民的职业健康风险和危害
    摘要：Globally, almost 2.78 million deaths that occur annually are attributed to work-related health risks. Worldwide and, especially, in developing countries, about 20% to 50% of the workers are exposed to health risks. Fishing is an ancient occupation, and like many others, it is characterized by numerous health risks and hazards. This study sought to understand the exposure of fisherfolk to human health risks, through fish handling and processing in Lake Baringo, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional social survey design. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select respondents for this study. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents to collect data on risks involved during the handling and processing of fish. Key informant interviews and observation checklists were also used to collect more information. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Inferential statistics included Pearson χ2 test, which was used to test the association of various factors on the encounter with occupational health risks. The level of significance was tested at α = 0.05. The study findings reveal the fisherfolk-encountered risks such as cuts, eye irritability, sunburns, skin burn, cold, falls, and musculoskeletal injuries during their work. The results showed that only 12% of the fisherfolk use personal protective equipments (PPEs) at work. Pearson χ2 test analysis showed there was an association between gender and gender roles (χ2 = 39.517, P < .05). In addition, an association was revealed between occupational health risks and gender (χ2 = 16.283, P < .05). There was also an association between occupational hazards and gender (χ2 = 21.352, P < .05). However, there was no association revealed between occupational health risk and marital status (χ2 = 1.305, P > .05) and PPEs (χ2 = 1.089, P > .05). Furthermore, results indicate that 61% of the fisherfolk who suffered from occupational health risks missed work. The study concludes that all the fisherfolk at Kampi Samaki are exposed to various health risks while working, which is thus likely to affect their health. We recommend public health campaigns to sensitize fisherfolk on the associated risks in fish handling and processing. There is also a need for health campaigns for the fisherfolk to appreciate the need for First Aid Kits during the fishing operations.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Pesticide Poisonings in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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    机译 中低收入国家的农药中毒
    摘要：Aims and scopeThis editorial is an introduction to the papers making up the special issue on ’pesticide poisonings in low- and middle income countries’.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Using Watershed Boundaries to Map Adverse Health Outcomes: Examples From Nebraska, USA

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    机译 使用分水岭边界来映射不良健康结果：美国内布拉斯加州的例子
    摘要：In 2009, a paper was published suggesting that watersheds provide a geospatial platform for establishing linkages between aquatic contaminants, the health of the environment, and human health. This article is a follow-up to that original article. From an environmental perspective, watersheds segregate landscapes into geospatial units that may be relevant to human health outcomes. From an epidemiologic perspective, the watershed concept places anthropogenic health data into a geospatial framework that has environmental relevance. Research discussed in this article includes information gathered from the literature, as well as recent data collected and analyzed by this research group. It is our contention that the use of watersheds to stratify geospatial information may be both environmentally and epidemiologically valuable.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Insights Into the Environmental Health Burden of Childhood Asthma

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    机译 洞悉儿童哮喘的环境健康负担
    摘要：
  • 19.

    【2hr】An Operational Evaluation of 3 Methoprene Larvicide Formulations for Use Against Mosquitoes in Catch Basins

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    机译 3种用于扑灭盆地蚊子的甲基戊二烯杀幼虫剂配方的运行评估
    摘要：Effectiveness in controlling mosquitoes in storm water catch basins in the North Shore Mosquito Abatement District (northeastern Cook County, Illinois) was determined for 3 formulations of methoprene-based larvicides (Altosid XR 150-day Briquets, Altosid 30-day Pellets, Altosid 30-day Granules) in 2017 using a pass/fail evaluation criterion, in which emergence of a single adult from pupae collected from the basin constituted a control failure. Over the course of the 16-week study, basins receiving the 150-day briquets were treated once and basins receiving the pellet and granular formulations were treated every 4 weeks, with the first treatment occurring during the last week of May. Untreated basins were also observed for comparison with the treated basins. Over the course of the study, adult mosquitoes emerged from pupae collected in 94.2% of the untreated basins that contained pupae. All of the formulations evaluated in the study demonstrated some degree of control compared with the untreated basins, with pupae successfully emerging as adults in 64.6%, 55.5%, and 21.8% of samples from 150-day briquet, 30-day tablet, and 30-day pellet–treated basins that contained pupae, respectively. Pellets reapplied every 28 days provided significantly more effective control than the other formulations. The simple pass/fail criterion for evaluating control effectiveness proved to be a useful procedure for comparing effectiveness to untreated basins and among treatments.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Response to Jors et al, Environmental Health Insights

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    机译 回应Jors等人的《环境健康洞察》
    摘要：
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