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Seven challenges for modelling indirect transmission: Vector-borne diseases macroparasites and neglected tropical diseases

机译:间接传播建模的七个挑战:媒介传播疾病大寄生虫和被忽视的热带病

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摘要

Many of the challenges which face modellers of directly transmitted pathogens also arise when modelling the epidemiology of pathogens with indirect transmission – whether through environmental stages, vectors, intermediate hosts or multiple hosts. In particular, understanding the roles of different hosts, how to measure contact and infection patterns, heterogeneities in contact rates, and the dynamics close to elimination are all relevant challenges, regardless of the mode of transmission. However, there remain a number of challenges that are specific and unique to modelling vector-borne diseases and macroparasites. Moreover, many of the neglected tropical diseases which are currently targeted for control and elimination are vector-borne, macroparasitic, or both, and so this article includes challenges which will assist in accelerating the control of these high-burden diseases. Here, we discuss the challenges of indirect measures of infection in humans, whether through vectors or transmission life stages and in estimating the contribution of different host groups to transmission. We also discuss the issues of “evolution-proof” interventions against vector-borne disease.
机译:当通过间接传播对病原体的流行病学进行建模时,无论是通过环境阶段,媒介,中间宿主还是多个宿主,直接建模的病原体建模人员所面临的许多挑战也会出现。特别是,无论传播方式如何,了解不同宿主的作用,如何测量接触和感染模式,接触率的异质性以及接近消除的动力都是相关的挑战。但是,仍然存在许多建模媒介传播疾病和大型寄生虫特有且独特的挑战。而且,目前许多旨在控制和消除的被忽视的热带病是媒介传播的,宏观寄生的或两者兼有,因此,本文包含了一些挑战,将有助于加快对这些高负担疾病的控制。在这里,我们讨论了通过媒介或传播生命阶段以及通过估计不同宿主群对传播的贡献来间接测量人类感染的挑战。我们还将讨论针对媒介传播疾病的“抗进化”干预措施的问题。

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