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Improved blackwater disinfection using potentiodynamic methods with oxidized boron-doped diamond electrodes

机译:利用电位动力学方法和氧化硼掺杂金刚石电极改善黑水消毒

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摘要

Electrochemical disinfection (ECD) has become an important blackwater disinfection technology. ECD is a promising solution for the 2 billion people without access to conventional sanitation practices and in areas deficient in basic utilities (e.g., sewers, electricity, waste treatment). Here, we report on the disinfection of blackwater using potential cycling compared to potentiostatic treatment methods in chloride-containing and chloride-free solutions of blackwater (i.e., untreated wastewater containing feces, urine, and flushwater from a toilet). Potentiodynamic treatment is demonstrated to improve disinfection energy efficiency of blackwater by 24% and 124% compared to static oxidation and reduction methods, respectively. The result is shown to be caused by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP) and regeneration of sp2-surface-bonded carbon functional groups that serve the dual purpose of catalysts and adsorption sites of oxidant intermediates. Following 24 h electrolysis in blackwater, electrode fouling is shown to be minimized by the potential cycling method when compared to equivalent potentiostatic methods. The potential cycling current density is 40% higher than both the static oxidative and reductive methods. This work enhances the understanding of oxygen reduction catalysts using functionalized carbon materials and electrochemical disinfection anodes, both of which have the potential to bring a cost-effective, energy efficient, and practical solution to the problem of disinfecting blackwater.
机译:电化学消毒(ECD)已成为重要的黑水消毒技术。对于20亿没有传统卫生习惯的人以及缺乏基本公用事业(例如下水道,电力,废物处理)的地区,ECD是一个有前途的解决方案。在这里,我们报告了在含氯和无氯的黑水溶液(即未经处理的废水,粪便,尿液和厕所冲水)中,采用与恒电位处理方法相比对黑水进行消毒的方法。与静态氧化和还原方法相比,电位动态处理可将黑水的消毒能量效率分别提高24%和124%。结果表明,这是由于电化学高级氧化过程(EAOP)和sp 2 -表面键合的碳官能团的再生而引起的,这些官能团既起到催化剂的作用,又起到氧化剂中间体的吸附位的作用。与等效的恒电位方法相比,在黑水中电解24小时后,通过电位循环法可将电极结垢降至最低。潜在的循环电流密度比静态氧化和还原方法都高40%。这项工作增强了对使用功能化碳材料和电化学消毒阳极的氧还原催化剂的认识,这两种方法都有望为黑水消毒问题带来经济高效,节能且实用的解决方案。

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