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Dimorphism in methane seep-dwelling ecotypes of the largest known bacteria

机译:最大已知细菌在甲烷渗透生态型中的二态性

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摘要

We present evidence for a dimorphic life cycle in the vacuolate sulfide-oxidizing bacteria that appears to involve the attachment of a spherical Thiomargarita-like cell to the exteriors of invertebrate integuments and other benthic substrates at methane seeps. The attached cell elongates to produce a stalk-like form before budding off spherical daughter cells resembling free-living Thiomargarita that are abundant in surrounding sulfidic seep sediments. The relationship between the attached parent cell and free-living daughter cell is reminiscent of the dimorphic life modes of the prosthecate Alphaproteobacteria, but on a grand scale, with individual elongate cells reaching nearly a millimeter in length. Abundant growth of attached Thiomargarita-like bacteria on the integuments of gastropods and other seep fauna provides not only a novel ecological niche for these giant bacteria, but also for animals that may benefit from epibiont colonization.
机译:我们目前提供的证据表明,空泡硫化物氧化细菌中存在双态生命周期,该细菌似乎涉及球形的硫代玛格丽塔状细胞与无脊椎动物的外皮和其他底栖基质在甲烷渗漏处的附着。附着的细胞伸长以产生茎状形式,然后芽出球形子细胞,类似于自由生存的硫玛格丽塔,其周围富含硫化物的渗出沉积物中。附着的亲代细胞和自由生活的子代细胞之间的关系使人联想到假肢变形杆菌的双态生命模式,但规模很大,单个细长细胞的长度达到近一毫米。腹足动物和其他渗水动物群的外皮上附着的硫代玛格丽塔样细菌的大量生长不仅为这些巨型细菌提供了新的生态位,而且为可能受益于表观生物定殖的动物提供了新的生态位。

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