Pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 signaling links cognitive impairments and peripheral metabolic alterations in Alzheimer’s disease

摘要

a Representative transversal (left) and coronal (right) T2-weighted images from control (CTL, top) and AD (bottom) patients. Arrows indicate the placement of right and left ROIs in the hypothalamus (yellow arrows) and hippocampus (white arrows). b Bars represent means ± SEM of T2-intensity signal ratios (hypothalamus relative to putamen) in control subjects (n = 18) and AD patients (n = 16); symbols represent individual subjects; p-value was calculated from student’s t-test and is shown in the graph. c Correlation between hypothalamus/putamen T2-intensity signal ratios and MMSE scores. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and p-value are shown in the graph (n = 34). d Bars represent means ± SEM of T2-intensity signal ratios (hippocampus relative to putamen) in control subjects (n = 18) and AD patients (n = 16); symbols represent individual patients; p-value (Mann-Whitney test) is shown in the graph. e Correlation between hippocampus/putamen T2-intensity signal ratios and MMSE scores. Spearman correlation coefficient (r) and p-value are shown in the graph (n = 34). Bars represent means ± SEM of hypothalamic (f) and hippocampal (g) gray matter densities measured by voxel-based morphometry in control subjects (n = 17) and AD patients (n = 13); symbols represent individual patients; p-value (Student’s t-test) is shown in graph. h Correlation between hypothalamus gray matter density and hypothalamus/putamen T2-intensity signal ratios. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and p-value are shown in the graph (n = 30). i Correlation between hippocampus gray matter density and hippocampus/putamen T2-intensity signal ratios. Spearman correlation coefficient (r) and p-value are shown in the graph (n = 30).