Subcutaneous Insulin Administration: Sufficient Progress or Ongoing Need?

摘要

Millions of people with diabetes around the globe practice subcutaneous (SC) insulin administration (SIA) every day. The significant progress made in insulin needle technology over the last 10 to 20 years has considerably improved insulin injection. With modern short, narrow-diameter, thin-walled cannula, sharper needle tips, and silicone lubrication, insulin administration from syringes or pens is far less painful in comparison to the situation when insulin was discovered. Likewise, introduction of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), has enabled better glycemic control, especially when paired with recent automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. However, many SIA unmet needs remain, including delivering insulin in the most minimally invasive and physiologically relevant manner. Characteristics of “ideal” SIA would include