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Individuality phenotypic differentiation dormancy and ‘persistence’ in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental laboratory and clinical microbiology

机译:可培养细菌系统中的个性表型分化休眠和持久性:环境实验室和临床微生物学共有的共性

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摘要

For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically ‘nonculturable’ on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as ‘persisters’. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one’s bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.
机译:对于细菌,复制主要涉及通过二元裂变生长。但是,在非常多的自然环境中,有一些表型休眠的非生长细胞实例,这些细胞不能立即复制,并且在通常允许其生长的培养基上具有表型“不可培养”的实例。因此,它们通过常规的基于培养物的方法逃避了检测。这种休眠细胞也可以在实验室培养和临床微生物学中观察到。它们通常更能承受诸如抗生素等压力,并且在临床微生物学中通常被称为“持久分子”。细菌文化必然具有很多相关性,而包容性适应理论则意味着,在将增长率与平均值进行交易时等同于对冲赌注,具有概念上的进化优势。有许多证据表明细菌可以广泛利用这一策略。我们在这里汇集了数据,这些数据显示了在环境,实验室和临床微生物学中这些现象的共性。大量证据使用与环境微生物学相似的方法,现在表明,由于存在休眠细菌或持久性细菌(其成分具有分解细菌的能力),许多所谓的非传染性,慢性和炎性疾病会加剧(即使不是很大原因)。引起炎症是众所周知的)。这种休眠(以及由此引起的复苏)通常反映出游离铁的可用性。总之,这些现象可以为此类慢性疾病常见的持续炎症及其与铁失调的相关性提供现成的解释。这意味着旨在评估和抑制或消除此类生物(或它们获得铁)的措施可能具有很多治疗益处。

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