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The Link Between Personal Values and Frequency of Drinking Depends on Cultural Values: A Cross-Level Interaction Approach

机译:个人价值观和饮酒频率之间的联系取决于文化价值观:一种跨层次的互动方法

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摘要

The increasing availability of large cross-national datasets enables researchers to integrate micro and macro levels of relations between human values and behavior. Particularly interesting are interactions between personal and cultural levels which can demonstrate to what extent a specific behavior is affected by individual values and cultural context. In this study, we aimed to shed light on this issue by analyzing data on basic values and drinking behavior from 21 national representative samples of the European Social Survey (2014). The results of multilevel regressions showed that country-level effects of Openness to Change (vs. Conservation) or Self-Transcendence (vs. Self-Enhancement) were not significantly related to frequency of drinking. As expected, individual-level Openness to Change (vs. Conservation) was consistently positively related to drinking frequency, whereas Self-Transcendence (vs. Self-Enhancement) was not. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was a positive association between personal Self-Transcendence (vs. Self-Enhancement) values and frequency of drinking in countries putting higher importance on extrinsic motivations (i.e., Conservation or Self-Enhancement values), while this link was less positive or even negative in countries valuing intrinsic motivations (i.e., Openness to Change or Self-Transcendence values). Moreover, a marginally significant interaction between individual- and country-level Openness to Change (vs. Conservation) values supported the same counter-intuitive result. These findings challenge the widespread idea that more conservative societies attenuate the link between personal values and behavior. In contrast, self-affirmation and cultural rewards theories, as well as culture-specific value instantiations, may explain these results. This study shows that the value-behavior link differs across cultures, yet in a more complex way than was assumed so far. This opens up new possibilities for research on values and behavior in a cross-cultural context.
机译:大型跨国数据集的可用性不断提高,使研究人员能够整合人类价值与行为之间的微观和宏观关系。个人和文化层次之间的互动尤其令人感兴趣,它可以证明特定行为在多大程度上受到个人价值观和文化背景的影响。在这项研究中,我们旨在通过分析来自21个国家代表性的《欧洲社会调查》(2014年)的基本值和饮酒行为的数据,来阐明这一问题。多级回归的结果表明,开放程度(相对于保守)或自我超越(相对于自我增强)在国家层面的影响与饮酒频率没有显着相关。不出所料,个人层面的开放性(相对于保护)与饮酒频率一直呈正相关,而自我超越(相对于自我增强)却没有。与我们的假设相反,在一些国家,个人自我超越(vs.自我增强)价值与饮酒频率之间存在正相关关系,而这些国家对外在动机(即,保护或自我增强)的重视程度更高,而这种联系是在重视内在动机(例如,对变化的开放性或自我超越价值)的国家中,积极性甚至消极性较低。此外,个人和国家级的“开放性”(相对于“保护”)值之间的边际显着相互作用支持了相同的违反直觉的结果。这些发现挑战了普遍的观念,即更保守的社会削弱了个人价值观与行为之间的联系。相反,自我肯定和文化奖励理论以及特定于文化的价值实例化可以解释这些结果。这项研究表明,价值与行为之间的联系因文化而异,但是比迄今为止所假设的更为复杂。这为跨文化背景下的价值观和行为研究开辟了新的可能性。

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