Energy efficiency ratio is significant in completely estimating lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. In this work, rice straw (RS) was pretreated by ultra-high pressure (UHP), ionic liquid microemulsion (ILM), and a combination of UHP and ILM (ILM + UHP) at mild temperature. The chemical composition, crystalline structure, surface morphology, and enzymatic hydrolysis of untreated and pretreated RS samples were compared. After ILM pretreatment ([Emim]Ac/cyclohexane/Triton X-100-butanol = 0.25/0.15/0.45/0.15) at 500 MPa, 50 °C for 4 h, the cellulose content of the regenerated RS increased by 62.5, 66.2% of the lignin was removed, 37.3% of crystallinity index decreased, and the reducing sugar yield of 89.6% was achieved. All results show that the ILM + UHP pretreatments were more effective than sole UHP or ILM treatment at low temperature.
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