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Temporal Dynamics and Response Modulation across the Human Visual System in a Spatial Attention Task: An ECoG Study

机译:人类注意力系统在空间注意任务中的时间动态和响应调制:一项ECoG研究

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The selection of behaviorally relevant information from cluttered visual scenes (often referred to as “attention”) is mediated by a cortical large-scale network consisting of areas in occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex that is organized into a functional hierarchy of feedforward and feedback pathways. In the human brain, little is known about the temporal dynamics of attentional processing from studies at the mesoscopic level of electrocorticography (ECoG), that combines millisecond temporal resolution with precise anatomical localization of recording sites. We analyzed high-frequency broadband responses (HFB) responses from 626 electrodes implanted in 8 epilepsy patients who performed a spatial attention task. Electrode locations were reconstructed using a probabilistic atlas of the human visual system. HFB responses showed high spatial selectivity and tuning, constituting ECoG response fields (RFs), within and outside the topographic visual system. In accordance with monkey physiology studies, both RF widths and onset latencies increased systematically across the visual processing hierarchy. We used the spatial specificity of HFB responses to quantitatively study spatial attention effects and their temporal dynamics to probe a hierarchical top-down model suggesting that feedback signals back propagate the visual processing hierarchy. Consistent with such a model, the strengths of attentional modulation were found to be greater and modulation latencies to be shorter in posterior parietal cortex, middle temporal cortex and ventral extrastriate cortex compared with early visual cortex. However, inconsistent with such a model, attention effects were weaker and more delayed in anterior parietal and frontal cortex.>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the human brain, visual attention has been predominantly studied using methods with high spatial, but poor temporal resolution such as fMRI, or high temporal, but poor spatial resolution such as EEG/MEG. Here, we investigate temporal dynamics and attention effects across the human visual system at a mesoscopic level that combines precise spatial and temporal measurements by using electrocorticography in epilepsy patients performing a classical spatial attention task. Electrode locations were reconstructed using a probabilistic atlas of the human visual system, thereby relating them to topography and processing hierarchy. We demonstrate regional differences in temporal dynamics across the attention network. Our findings do not fully support a top-down model that promotes influences on visual cortex by reversing the processing hierarchy.
机译:从混乱的视觉场景中选择与行为相关的信息(通常称为“注意”)是由皮质的大型网络介导的,该网络由枕叶,颞叶,顶叶和额叶皮层的区域组成,这些区域被组织成前馈的功能层次和反馈途径。在人脑中,从大脑皮层描记术(ECoG)的介观水平研究中,关于注意力加工的时间动态知之甚少,该研究将毫秒级的时间分辨力与记录部位的精确解剖定位结合在一起。我们分析了626根电极的高频宽带响应(HFB)响应,这些电极植入了8位执行空间注意任务的癫痫患者中。使用人类视觉系统的概率图集重建电极位置。 HFB响应显示出较高的空间选择性和调整能力,构成了地形视觉系统内外的ECoG响应场(RF)。根据猴子生理学研究,整个视觉处理层次中,RF宽度和发作潜伏期都系统地增加了。我们使用HFB响应的空间特异性来定量研究空间注意力效应及其时间动态,以探究分层的自顶向下模型,表明反馈信号向后传播视觉处理层次。与这种模型相一致,与早期视觉皮层相比,后顶叶皮层,中颞叶皮层和腹侧腹侧皮层的注意力调制强度更大,调制潜伏期更短。但是,与这种模型不一致的是,注意力在前顶叶和额叶皮层的作用减弱并且延迟更大。>重要意义声明在人脑中,视觉注意主要是通过空间高,但效果差的方法来研究的。时间分辨率(例如fMRI)或高时间分辨率,但空间分辨率较差(例如EEG / MEG)。在这里,我们在介观水平上研究了整个人类视觉系统的时间动态和注意力效应,该过程结合了精确的时空测量结果,通过使用皮层照相术对癫痫患者执行了经典的空间注意任务。使用人类视觉系统的概率图集重建电极位置,从而将它们与地形和处理层次结构相关联。我们展示了整个注意力网络在时间动态方面的区域差异。我们的发现并不完全支持通过颠倒处理层次来促进对视觉皮层影响的自顶向下模型。

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