首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Journal of Neuroscience >Generating Sexually Differentiated Vocal Patterns: Laryngeal Nerve and EMG Recordings from Vocalizing Male and Female African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis)
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Generating Sexually Differentiated Vocal Patterns: Laryngeal Nerve and EMG Recordings from Vocalizing Male and Female African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis)

机译:生成有性别差异的人声模式:发声的非洲和非洲爪蛙(非洲爪蟾)发声的喉神经和肌电图记录

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摘要

Male and female African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) produce sexually dimorphic vocalizations; for males these include advertisement, amplectant, and growling calls, whereas female calls include ticking. Previous studies have shown that the vocal organ, the larynx, of the sexes differs in physiological properties that parallel vocal differences. However, it was not clear whether these characteristics are sufficient to explain sex differences in vocal behavior. To examine the contribution of the CNS to generating vocal patterns, we developed a preparation in which both laryngeal nerve activity and electromyograms can be recorded from awake, vocalizing frogs. Recordings reveal that the CNS of the two sexes produces patterned activity that closely matches each vocalization whereas the larynx faithfully translates nerve activity into sound. Thus, the CNS is the source of sexually differentiated vocalizations in Xenopus laevis. Furthermore, detailed analyses of compound action potentials recorded from the nerve lead us to hypothesize that neuronal activity underlying different male call types is distinct; some calls are likely to be generated by synchronous firing of motoneuron populations of either constant size or progressively larger sizes, whereas others are generated by asynchronous activity of motoneurons, a pattern shared with vocal production in females. We suggest that these distinct neuronal activity patterns in males may be subserved by two populations of motor units in males that can be distinguished by the strength of the neuromuscular synapse.
机译:雄性和雌性非洲爪蛙(Xenopus laevis)会产生性二态发声。对于男性来说,这些包括广告,接听电话和咆哮声,而对于女性来说,这些包括滴答声。先前的研究表明,两性的声音器官,喉部在生理特性上是不同的,与平行的声音差异相似。但是,尚不清楚这些特征是否足以解释声音行为中的性别差异。为了检查中枢神经系统对产生人声模式的贡献,我们开发了一种制剂,其中可以从清醒的发声青蛙中记录喉神经活动和肌电图。记录显示,两性中枢神经系统产生的模式活动与每次发声非常匹配,而喉部则忠实地将神经活动转换为声音。因此,中枢神经系统是非洲爪蟾性别差异发声的来源。此外,从神经记录的复合动作电位的详细分析使我们假设,不同男性呼叫类型背后的神经元活动是不同的。一些呼叫可能是通过同步发射恒定大小或逐渐变大的运动神经元群体而产生的,而另一些则可能是由于运动神经元的异步活动而产生的,这种行为与女性的声音产生共有。我们建议,男性中这些明显的神经元活动模式可能由男性中的两个运动单位群体所保留,这两个群体可以通过神经肌肉突触的强度来区分。

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