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Species differences in the winner effect disappear in response to post-victory testosterone manipulations

机译:胜利者对睾丸激素的操纵致胜者效应的物种差异消失

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摘要

Evolutionary processes can interact with the mechanisms of steroid hormone action to drive interspecific variation in behavioural output, yet the exact nature of these interactions is poorly understood. To investigate this issue, we compare the endocrine machinery underlying the winner effect (an ability to increase winning behaviour in response to past victories) in two closely related species of Peromyscus mice. Typically, after winning a fight, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) experience a testosterone (T) surge that helps enhance their future winning behaviour, whereas white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) experience neither a T surge nor a change in subsequent winning behaviour. However, our results indicate that when the post-victory T response of male white-footed mice is phenotypically engineered to resemble that of California mice, individuals are capable of developing a strong and lasting winner effect. Moreover, this ‘induced’ winner effect in white-footed mice qualitatively matches the winner effect that develops naturally in California mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that white-footed mice have the physiological machinery necessary to form a robust winner effect comparable to that formed by California mice, but are unable to endogenously activate this machinery after achieving winning experiences. We speculate that evolutionary processes, like selection, operate on the physiological substrates that govern post-victory T release to guide divergence in the winner effect between these two species.
机译:进化过程可以与类固醇激素作用的机制相互作用,以驱动行为输出间的种间变化,但人们对这些相互作用的确切性质了解甚少。为了调查此问题,我们比较了Peromyscus小鼠的两个密切相关物种中获胜者效应(一种增加对获胜行为的响应能力)的内分泌机制。通常,在赢得一场比赛后,加利福尼亚老鼠(Peromyscus californicus)会经历睾丸激素(T)激增,这有助于增强其未来的获胜行为,而白脚老鼠(Peromyscus leucopus)既不会经历T激增,也不会经历随后的获胜行为改变。但是,我们的结果表明,当雄性白脚小鼠的战后T反应在表型上被设计为类似于加利福尼亚小鼠时,个体能够发展出强大而持久的胜利者效应。此外,这种“诱发”的白脚小鼠获胜者效应在质量上与加利福尼亚小鼠自然产生的获胜者效应相匹配。综上所述,这些发现表明,白脚小鼠具有形成与加利福尼亚小鼠可比的强大的胜利者效应所必需的生理机制,但在获得胜利经验后无法内源激活这种机制。我们推测进化过程,像选择一样,在控制胜利后T释放的生理底物上起作用,以指导这两个物种在获胜者效应上的差异。

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