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Neuroplasticity beyond Sounds: Neural Adaptations Following Long-Term Musical Aesthetic Experiences

机译:超越声音的神经可塑性:长期音乐审美经验后的神经适应

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摘要

Capitalizing from neuroscience knowledge on how individuals are affected by the sound environment, we propose to adopt a cybernetic and ecological point of view on the musical aesthetic experience, which includes subprocesses, such as feature extraction and integration, early affective reactions and motor actions, style mastering and conceptualization, emotion and proprioception, evaluation and preference. In this perspective, the role of the listener/composer/performer is seen as that of an active “agent” coping in highly individual ways with the sounds. The findings concerning the neural adaptations in musicians, following long-term exposure to music, are then reviewed by keeping in mind the distinct subprocesses of a musical aesthetic experience. We conclude that these neural adaptations can be conceived of as the immediate and lifelong interactions with multisensorial stimuli (having a predominant auditory component), which result in lasting changes of the internal state of the “agent”. In a continuous loop, these changes affect, in turn, the subprocesses involved in a musical aesthetic experience, towards the final goal of achieving better perceptual, motor and proprioceptive responses to the immediate demands of the sounding environment. The resulting neural adaptations in musicians closely depend on the duration of the interactions, the starting age, the involvement of attention, the amount of motor practice and the musical genre played.
机译:我们建议利用关于个体如何受到声音环境影响的神经科学知识,对音乐美学体验采用控制论和生态学的观点,其中包括子过程,例如特征提取和整合,早期情感反应和运动行为,风格掌握和概念化,情感和本体感受,评估和偏爱。从这个角度来看,听众/作曲家/表演者的角色被看作是一种主动的“代理”,以非常个性化的方式应对声音。在长期接触音乐后,通过考虑音乐审美经验的不同子过程,对与音乐家的神经适应有关的发现进行回顾。我们得出的结论是,这些神经适应可以被认为是与多感觉刺激(具有主要的听觉成分)的立即和终生相互作用,从而导致“主体”内部状态的持久变化。在一个连续的循环中,这些变化继而影响着音乐审美体验中涉及的子过程,朝着最终目标实现,以便对发声环境的即时需求实现更好的感知,运动和本体感受响应。音乐家产生的神经适应性密切取决于互动的持续时间,起始年龄,注意力的参与,运动练习的数量和演奏的音乐类型。

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