Ex vivo tetramer staining and cell surface phenotyping for early activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR to enumerate and characterize malaria antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells induced in human volunteers immunized with a Plasmodium falciparum adenovirus-vectored malaria vaccine expressing AMA1

摘要

BackgroundMalaria is responsible for up to a 600,000 deaths per year; conveying an urgent need for the development of a malaria vaccine. Studies with whole sporozoite vaccines in mice and non-human primates have shown that sporozoite-induced CD8⁺ T cells targeting liver stage antigens can mediate sterile protection. There is a need for a direct method to identify and phenotype malaria vaccine-induced CD8⁺ T cells in humans.