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  • 1.

    【2hr】The Impact of Human Milk Feeding on Long-Term Risk of Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

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    机译 母乳喂养对肥胖和心血管疾病的长期风险的影响
    • 作者：Atul Singhal
    • 刊名：Breastfeeding Medicine
    • 2019年第Suppl 1期
    摘要：
  • 2.

    【2hr】Musculoskeletal Impairment: Causes of Pain with Breastfeeding Insight into 11 Cases

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    机译 肌肉骨骼障碍：母乳喂养疼痛的原因分析11例
    摘要：Objective: To determine the possible relationship between pain experienced by mothers with breastfeeding and musculoskeletal impairment commonly seen in physiotherapy practice. Evidence-based principles of the evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal impairment used in physiotherapy practice were applied and adapted to manage pain experienced by mothers with breastfeeding.Subjects and Methods: This report describes 11 mothers referred to a breastfeeding clinic for pain with breastfeeding. Mothers were initially assessed by a physician and a nurse clinician, both International Board-Certified Lactation Consultants, to rule out causes of breast or nipple pain. When the cause remained unexplained, it was deemed musculoskeletal, and mothers were referred to a physiotherapist for assessment and treatment with manual orthopedic therapy and mobilization of the myofascial system.Results: The physiotherapist's objective musculoskeletal assessment and mothers' impression showed an improvement in the overall clinical picture after the first appointment in most mothers. Pain was resolved or alleviated by 80% in five mothers after 1–3 weekly treatments. The most useful therapeutic approach was to make afflicted mothers aware of their posture to maintain spinal alignment and avoid shear posture (lateral displacement of the trunk). Shear posture is a consequence of sitting leaning to one side. This posture is exacerbated by thoracic rotation and flexion, for example, when turning the trunk and bending over the baby while giving the breast.Conclusion: Treating musculoskeletal impairment referred pain to the breast or nipple with physiotherapy practices used in a nonbreastfeeding clientele can help alleviate or resolve pain with breastfeeding.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Avoiding Postnatal Growth Retardation by Individualized Fortification of Breast Milk: Implications for Somatic and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

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    机译 通过母乳的个体强化来避免产后发育迟缓：对体细胞和神经发育结果的影响
    • 作者：Christoph Fusch
    • 刊名：Breastfeeding Medicine
    • 2019年第Suppl 1期
    摘要：
  • 4.

    【2hr】Breastfeeding: Investing in the Future

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    机译 母乳喂养：未来投资
    摘要：
  • 5.

    【2hr】A Comparison of Breastfeeding Exclusivity and Duration Rates Between Immediate Postpartum Levonorgestrel Versus Etonogestrel Implant Users: A Prospective Cohort Study

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    机译 立刻产后左炔诺孕酮与依托孕酮植入使用者之间母乳喂养排他性和持续时间的比较：一项前瞻性队列研究
    摘要：Objective: This study compares breastfeeding outcomes after immediate postpartum initiation of single-rod etonogestrel (ENG) versus two-rod levonorgestrel (LNG) contraceptive implants. Outcomes assessed include the following: (1) breastfeeding continuation through 24 months after delivery and (2) exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months after delivery, at Kasungu District Hospital, Malawi.Methods: We used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to compare breastfeeding continuation through 24 months and exclusive breastfeeding through 6 months after delivery for ENG versus LNG implant users. We described infant feeding practices up to 6 months after delivery.Results: We analyzed 140 women: 28 (20%) ENG and 112 (80%) LNG impalnt users. Eighty-seven percent (n = 122) of women completed the 24-month study visit. Twenty-four months breastfeeding continuation proportions were 54.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 32.7–71.4) and 74.7% (95% CI = 64.9–82.2) for ENG and LNG implant users, respectively (p = 0.10). Breastfeeding continuation was high in both groups at 21 months: 100% and 93.2% (95% CI = 86.2–96.7) for ENG and LNG implant users, respectively (p = 0.18). Seventy-one percent (20/28, 95% CI = 51.0–84.6) of ENG and 72% (78/108, 95% CI = 62.4–79.7) of LNG implant users exclusively breastfed their infants until 6 months postpartum (p = 0.89).Conclusions: Continuation of breastfeeding until 24 months and exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months were high among users of both types of progestin implant initiated immediately postpartum and similar to proportions among the general population of postpartum women in the Central region of Malawi.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Mapping, Measuring, and Analyzing the Process of Skin-to-Skin Contact and Early Breastfeeding in the First Hour After Birth

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    机译 出生后第一个小时的皮肤，皮肤接触和早期母乳喂养的过程的制图，测量和分析
    摘要：Background: Although the benefits of immediate, continuous, uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact (SSC) and early breastfeeding have been widely researched and confirmed, the challenge remains to improve the consistency of this practice. Fewer than half of newborns worldwide are breastfed in the first hour.Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study utilizing iterative review and analysis of video ethnography as well as data extracted from patient records.Sample and Setting: Eighty-four medically uncomplicated mothers and full-term newborns were observed during the first hour after birth at a Baby-Friendly designated hospital in the United States.Findings: Process mapping using an algorithm which included Robson criteria indicated that although included mothers were expected to give birth vaginally and had no medical concerns that would preclude eligibility for SSC in the first hour after birth, 31 of 84 newborns (37%) did not receive immediate SSC after vaginal birth as planned and only 23 (27.4%) self-attached and suckled.Conclusion: Process mapping of optimal skin-to-skin practice in the first hour after birth using the algorithm, HCP-S2S-IA, produced an accurate and useful measurement, illuminating how work is conducted and providing patterns for analysis and opportunities for improvement with targeted interventions.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Effect of a Home-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Breastfeeding Initiation Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged African American Women with Overweight or Obesity

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    机译 基于家庭的生活方式干预对超重或肥胖社会经济弱势的非洲裔美国妇女母乳喂养开始的影响
    摘要：Background: Socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) African American women with overweight or obesity are less likely to breastfeed.Objective: To test whether a home-based lifestyle intervention impacts breastfeeding initiation rates in SED African American women with overweight or obesity.Study Design: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial from October 2012 to March 2016 at a university-based hospital within the LIFE-Moms consortium. SED African American women with overweight or obesity and singleton gestations were randomized by 16 weeks to Parents as Teachers (PAT)—a home-based parenting support and child development educational intervention—or PAT+, PAT with additional content on breastfeeding. Participants completed a breastfeeding survey. Outcomes included breastfeeding initiation and reasons for not initiating or not continuing breastfeeding.Results: One hundred eighteen women were included: 59 in PAT+; 59 in PAT. Breastfeeding initiation rates were similar in each group (78.00% in PAT+; 74.58% in PAT). On a one to four scale, with four denoting “very important,” women in PAT+ and PAT were equally likely to rate their beliefs that formula was better than breast milk or breastfeeding would be too inconvenient as the most important reasons to not initiate breastfeeding. On the same scale, women similarly rated their difficulty latching or concern for low milk supply as the most important reasons for breastfeeding cessation.Conclusion: SED African American women with overweight or obesity who received a home-based educational intervention had higher breastfeeding rates than is reported nationally for black women (59%). However, the intervention with more breastfeeding content did not further increase breastfeeding rates or impact reasons for breastfeeding cessation.Trial Registration: : .
  • 8.

    【2hr】Correction to: ABM Clinical Protocol #8: Human Milk Storage Information for Home Use for Full-Term Infants, Revised 2017, by Eglash A, Simon L, and The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Breastfeed Med 2017;12(7):390–395.DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.29047.aje.

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    机译 对以下内容的更正：ABM临床规程8：足月婴儿家庭使用的母乳存储信息，2017年修订，作者：Eglash A，Simon L和The Breastfeeding Medicine Academy Breastfeed Med 2017; 12（7）：390–395 .DOI：10.1089 / dna.2017.29047.aje。
    • 作者：
    • 刊名：Breastfeeding Medicine
    • 2018年第6期
    摘要：
  • 9.

    【2hr】Beyond Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Other Clinical Advantages of an Exclusive Human Milk Diet

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    机译 除坏死性小肠结肠炎以外：独家母乳饮食的其他临床优势
    摘要：Objective: Articles previously published by Sullivan et al. and Cristofalo et al. were reanalyzed using the proportion of cow milk-based nutrition received to determine whether that affected clinical outcomes during hospitalization for infants birth weight 500–1250 g. Abrams et al. showed in the same cohort incidences of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), NEC requiring surgery and sepsis increased proportionally to the amount of dietary cow milk.Methods: The data from the two studies conducted under essentially the same protocol were combined yielding a cohort of 260 infants receiving a diet ranging from 0% to 100% cow milk. Data analysis utilized negative binomial regression which mitigates differences between subjects in terms of their time on study by incorporating that number into the statistical model. The percent of cow milk-based nutrition was the only predictor investigated.Results: For all outcomes the larger the amount of cow's milk in the diet the greater the number of days of that intervention required. A trend toward statistical significance was seen for ventilator days; however, only parenteral nutrition (PN) days and days to full feeds achieved statistical significance.Conclusions: Incorporation of any cow milk-based nutrition into the diet of extremely premature infants correlates with more days on PN and a longer time to achieve full feeds. There was a nonstatistically significant trend toward increased ventilator days. These represent additional clinical consequences of the use of any cow milk-based protein in feeding EP infants.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Correction to: First Food Justice: Infant Feeding Disparities and the First Food System, by Morrell E. Breastfeed Med 2017;12(8):489–492. DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0088

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    机译 改正：《第一食品公正：婴儿喂养差异和第一食品体系》，作者：Morrell E. Breastfeed Med 2017； 12（8）：489–492。 DOI：10.1089 / bfm.2017.0088
    • 作者：
    • 刊名：Breastfeeding Medicine
    • 2018年第2期
    摘要：
  • 11.

    【2hr】Prevalence and Trends in Donor Milk Use in the Well-Baby Nursery: A Survey of Northeast United States Birth Hospitals

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    机译 婴儿苗圃中捐赠者牛奶的使用率和趋势：美国东北部出生医院的调查
    摘要：Background and Objectives: Pasteurized donor human milk (“donor milk”) is an alternative to formula for supplementation of breastfed infants. We conducted a survey to determine (1) prevalence, trends, and hospital-level correlates of donor milk use for healthy newborns in the northeast United States and (2) clinician knowledge and opinions regarding this practice.Methods: We conducted parallel surveys of clinicians (88% nurse and/or lactation consultant) at (1) all birth hospitals in Massachusetts (MA) and (2) all birth hospitals served by a northeast United States milk bank. We asked about hospital use of donor milk for newborns ≥35 weeks' gestation and receiving Level I care in well nursery, hospital-related factors we hypothesized would be associated with this practice, and clinician knowledge and opinions about donor milk use.Results: 35/46 (76%) of MA birth hospitals and 51/69 (74%) of hospitals served by the milk bank responded; 71 unique hospitals were included. Twenty-nine percent of MA birth hospitals and 43% of hospitals served by the milk bank reported using donor milk for healthy newborns. Hospitals that used donor milk for healthy newborns had higher exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge than hospitals that did not (77% versus 56%, p = 0.02). Eighty-three percent of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that using donor milk is an effective way to increase the hospital's exclusive breastfeeding rate.Conclusions: Many northeast United States birth hospitals currently use donor milk for healthy newborns. This practice is associated with higher exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge. Relationships with breastfeeding after discharge and related outcomes are unknown.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Correction to: ABM Clinical Protocol #29: Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin D Supplementation During Breastfeeding, by Sarah N. Taylor and The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. Breastfeed Med 2018;13(6):398–404. DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2018.29025.snt

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    机译 由Sarah N. Taylor和The Breastfeeding Medicine进行的对以下内容的更正：ABM临床规程＃29：母乳喂养期间补充铁，锌和维生素D。母乳喂养医学2018; 13（6）：398–404。 DOI：10.1089 / bfm.2018.29025.snt
    • 作者：
    • 刊名：Breastfeeding Medicine
    • 2018年第9期
    摘要：
  • 13.

    【2hr】Sources of Information and Support for Breastfeeding: Alignment with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Strategies

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    机译 母乳喂养的信息和支持来源：与疾病控制和预防策略中心保持一致
    摘要：Background and Objectives: Research consistently supports health benefits of breastfeeding; however, rates in the United States remain below Healthy People 2020 goals. To increase breastfeeding, information and support are needed from multiple sources. Given differences in breastfeeding rates by demographic characteristics, sources of information and support may also differ. In addition, recent research suggests potential differences in health outcomes related to feeding method (direct breastfeeding only, feeding expressed human milk, combination-feeding with formula). This study examined (1) information and support received within Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-defined strategies for supporting breastfeeding mothers, (2) differences in rates of information and support received by demographics, and (3) associations with feeding method at 6 weeks postpartum.Materials and Methods: A sample of 447 women participating in the Synergistic Theory Research Obesity and Nutrition Group (STRONG) Kids 2 study completed surveys with questions from the CDC Survey on Infant Feeding Practices II related to sources of information and support for breastfeeding and breast pump use, and about demographics and feeding method at 6 weeks postpartum.Results: Frequencies of supports received within each category indicate that professional supports were the most pervasive, followed by support from friends and relatives. However, women at greater risk for breastfeeding cessation (lower education, Women, Infants, and Children participants, single mothers) received information and support at lower rates. Education and information support was the only source significantly associated with feeding method.Conclusion: New approaches are needed to increase efficacy of information delivery, especially for at-risk populations, to better meet CDC recommendations.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Improving Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Southeast Asia: The Alive & Thrive Experience

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    机译 改善东南亚母乳喂养的早期开始：活跃与繁荣的经验
    摘要：
  • 15.

    【2hr】Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation on the Maternal and Infant Epigenome

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    机译 补充母体维生素D对母婴表观基因组的影响
    摘要：Introduction: Mothers and infants are at high risk for inadequate vitamin D status. Mechanisms by which vitamin D may affect maternal and infant DNA methylation are poorly understood.Objective: This study quantified the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on DNA methylation in pregnant and lactating women and their breastfed infants.Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled pilot study, pregnant women received vitamin D3 400 international units (IU) (n = 6; control) or 3,800 IU (n = 7; intervention) daily from late second trimester through 4–6 weeks postpartum. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was quantified in leukocytes collected from mothers at birth and mother–infant dyads at 4–6 weeks postpartum.Results: At birth, intervention group mothers showed DNA methylation gain and loss at 76 and 89 cytosine–guanine (CpG) dinucleotides, respectively, compared to controls. Postpartum, methylation gain was noted at 200 and loss at 102 CpGs. Associated gene clusters showed strongest biologic relevance for cell migration/motility and cellular membrane function at birth and cadherin signaling and immune function at postpartum. Breastfed 4–6-week-old infants of intervention mothers showed DNA methylation gain and loss in 217 and 213 CpGs, respectively, compared to controls. Genes showing differential methylation mapped most strongly to collagen metabolic processes and regulation of apoptosis.Conclusions: Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation alters DNA methylation in mothers and breastfed infants. Additional work is needed to fully elucidate the short- and long-term biologic effects of vitamin D supplementation at varying doses, which could hold important implications for establishing clinical recommendations for prenatal and offspring health promotion.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Examination of Hospital, Maternal, and Infant Characteristics Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation Among Opioid-Exposed Mother-Infant Dyads

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    机译 阿片类药物暴露于母婴的婴儿与母乳喂养开始和延续有关的医院，产妇和婴儿特征的检查
    摘要：Objectives: Among opioid-exposed newborns, breastfeeding is associated with less severe withdrawal signs, yet breastfeeding rates remain low. We determined the extent to which hospital, maternal, and infant characteristics are associated with breastfeeding initiation and continuation among opioid-exposed dyads.Materials and Methods: We examined breastfeeding initiation and continuation until infants' discharge among opioid-exposed dyads from 2006 to 2016. Among dyads meeting hospital breastfeeding guidelines, we assessed hospital (changes in breastfeeding guidelines and improvement initiatives [using delivery year as a proxy]), maternal (demographics, comorbid conditions, methadone versus buprenorphine treatment, and delivery mode), and infant (gestational age and birth weight) characteristics. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine independent associations of characteristics with breastfeeding initiation and continuation.Results: Among 924 opioid-exposed dyads, 61% (564) met breastfeeding criteria. Overall, 50% (283/564) of dyads initiated and 33% (187/564) continued breastfeeding until discharge. Breastfeeding initiation and continuation rates increased from 38% and 8% in 2006, to 56% and 34% in 2016, respectively. In adjusted models, infants born after reducing restrictions in hospital breastfeeding guidelines and prenatal breastfeeding education (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.6 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.5–4.5]) had increased odds of receiving any maternal breast milk versus infants born with earlier hospital policies. Cesarean versus vaginal delivery (aOR 0.3 [95% CI 0.2–0.6]) and length of infant hospitalization (aOR 0.94 [95% CI 0.92–0.97]) were negatively associated with breastfeeding continuation.Conclusions: Despite increasing breastfeeding rates among opioid-exposed dyads, rates remain suboptimal. Hospital-level factors were the greatest predictor of breastfeeding initiation. The findings suggest that changes in hospital guidelines and initiatives can impact breastfeeding initiation among this vulnerable population.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Mothers' Concerns for Personal Safety and Privacy While Breastfeeding: An Unexplored Phenomenon

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    机译 母亲在母乳喂养期间对人身安全和隐私的关注：一种未曾发现的现象
    摘要：Background: Preliminary qualitative research in upstate NY shows new mothers are worried about safety while breastfeeding. Little is known regarding prevalence of these concerns and their effect on breastfeeding outcomes.Objectives: (1) Determine frequency of breastfeeding safety and privacy concerns; (2) Explore their association with breastfeeding outcomes.Methods: Mothers were surveyed immediately and 1-month postpartum about breastfeeding goals; both surveys addressed privacy and safety concerns at home, work, and in public. Outcome data included breastfeeding intent, exclusivity, and duration. Breastfeeding/non-breastfeeding mothers were compared using Chi-square and multivariate analyses.Results: A total of 279 women enrolled. Of these 82.8% initiated breastfeeding; at 1-month 72% provided any breast milk, and 44% were exclusively breastfeeding. About 99% felt safe breastfeeding at home; 25% reported privacy concerns; and 5% felt “vulnerable or unsafe” while breastfeeding. At 1-month, 49% agreed there was a safe place to breastfeed/express milk at work (20% unsure). Non-breastfeeding mothers expressed more safety concerns outside home/at work: 18% breastfeeding versus 28% non-breastfeeding outside home; 27% breastfeeding versus 40% non-breastfeeding at work. Nearly 54% who reported feeling vulnerable/unsafe with breastfeeding initiated breastfeeding, compared with 86% not reporting this concern (p = 0.008). Fewer women initiating breastfeeding reported vulnerability/safety (3% breastfeeding versus 14% non-breastfeeding, p = 0.008) or privacy (22% breastfeeding versus 40% non-breastfeeding, p = 0.19) concerns. Associations held after controlling for age, race, parity, insurance, geography, and marital-status. Significant associations between initiation, privacy, and safety concerns did not extend to duration or exclusivity.Conclusion: Many breastfeeding women reported safety and privacy concerns, especially outside the home and at work, which may influence breastfeeding initiation. Further study may identify methods to address these issues, potentially increasing breastfeeding rates.
  • 18.

    【2hr】The Hispanic Paradox: Socioeconomic Factors and Race/Ethnicity in Breastfeeding Outcomes

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    机译 西班牙裔悖论：母乳喂养结果中的社会经济因素和种族/种族
    摘要：Background: Breastfeeding has multiple benefits for both mother and infant. Previous studies have shown that Hispanic/Latina women have higher rates of breastfeeding and better health outcomes than non-Hispanic black (NHB) women of similar socioeconomic status. Our primary objective was to explore the association of race/ethnicity with breastfeeding rates and the impact of socioeconomic factors on initiation and continuation of breastfeeding.Materials and Methods: We performed a hypothesis-generating secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of perinatal mental health in a diverse sample of 213 mothers. Twenty-eight participants self-identified as non-Hispanic white, 43 as NHB, and 142 as Hispanic/Latina. We examined bivariate relationships and performed logistic regression analysis for a series of maternal, infant, and psychosocial factors to examine their individual effect on the breastfeeding and race/ethnicity relationship odds ratio (OR).Results: Hispanic/Latina women were more likely to initiate exclusive breastfeeding at delivery compared with NHB women (OR 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–4.9, p = 0.01). Adjustment for maternal, infant, and psychosocial factors measured did not statistically significantly attenuate the OR for initiation of breastfeeding between NHB and Hispanic/Latina women. Women with a history of sexual abuse were also more likely to initiate exclusive breastfeeding (67%) compared with women without a sexual abuse history (54%, p < 0.05).Conclusions: In this low socioeconomic status cohort study, Hispanic/Latina women had higher proportions of any amount of breastfeeding compared with their NHB counterparts. This difference was not attenuated by any of the maternal, infant, or psychosocial factors examined, although our secondary analysis of this prospective cohort was limited by the available covariates in the parent study.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Implementation and Organization of a Perioperative Lactation Program: A Descriptive Study

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    机译 围手术期泌乳程序的实施和组织：描述性研究
    摘要：Introduction: As breastfeeding rates rise, perioperative care of lactating women is an increasingly important issue. There is a lack of reports describing the implementation of perioperative lactation programs. Beginning in 2014, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center developed a perioperative lactation program to address the comprehensive care of lactating patients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of lactation in our perioperative population, as well as to describe preliminary data and experiences during the implementation of our program.Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included lactating patients who underwent procedures requiring anesthesia care at our institution from August 2014 to February 2017. This period coincided with implementation of the lactation program, which focused on patient identification, education, and support, as well as staff education and collaboration. Patient volume and characteristics, procedure types, and intraoperative non-narcotic analgesic use were analyzed.Results: Over the 30-month study period, we identified 80 lactating perioperative patients, with ∼2–3 patients presenting monthly. The median (range) age of the child was 5 (0.6–24) months. Most of our lactating patients were American Society of Anesthesiologists class I–II patients (81%), who underwent general anesthesia (89%), and received at least one non-narcotic analgesic intraoperatively (89%).Conclusion: Our study showed that we cared for lactating patients undergoing a wide range of procedures on a regular basis. The results from this study are intended to inform the next phase of our research, which will focus on determining how this work impacts outcomes such as postoperative lactation complications, breastfeeding resumption, and overall patient satisfaction.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Milk Volume at 2 Weeks Predicts Mother's Own Milk Feeding at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge for Very Low Birthweight Infants

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    机译 2周时的牛奶量可预测超重婴儿的新生儿重症监护病房出院时母亲自己的奶量
    摘要：Objective: This study sought to determine the maternal prepregnancy, pregnancy, and delivery risk factors that predicted coming to volume (CTV; achieving pumped mother's own milk [MOM] volume ≥500 mLs/day) and the continuation of MOM provision through to discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in mothers and their very low birthweight (VLBW; <1,500 g at birth) infants.Study Design: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 402 mothers of VLBW infants admitted to an urban NICU, including detailed MOM pumping records for a subset (51%) of the cohort. Analyses included inverse probability weighting, multivariate regression, and chi-square statistics.Results: In this high-risk cohort (51.2% black, 27.1% Hispanic, 21.6% white/Asian; 72.6% low income; 61.4% overweight/obese prepregnancy), CTV by day 14 was the strongest predictor of MOM feeding at NICU discharge (odds ratio [OR] 9.70 confidence interval [95% CI] 3.86–24.38, p < 0.01.). Only 39.5% of mothers achieved CTV by postpartum day 14, an outcome that was predicted by gestational age at delivery (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.15–1.73, p < 0.01), being married (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.08–12.39, p = 0.04), black race (OR 7.70, 95% CI 2.05–28.97, p < 0.01), cesarean delivery (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.63, p = 0.01), and chorioamionitis (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–0.82, p = 0.03).Conclusion: Continued provision of MOM at NICU discharge can be predicted in the first 14 postpartum days on the basis of achievement of CTV. We posit that CTV can serve as a quality indicator for improving MOM feedings in the NICU and that lactation support resources should target this early critical postbirth period.
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