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  • 1.

    【2hr】Position Statement from the German Biobank Alliance on the Cooperation Between Academic Biobanks and Industry Partners

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    机译 德国生物库联盟关于学术生物库与行业合作伙伴之间合作的立场声明
    摘要：Under the umbrella of the German Biobank Node (GBN), 11 biobanks and two IT development centers are funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) to work together in the German Biobank Alliance (GBA). Their common aim is to make existing biomaterials hosted by different biobanks nationally and internationally available for biomedical research. This position article reflects and summarizes contributions and comments made during a GBA workshop, on the cooperation between academic biobanks and pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies that took place in Leipzig on the 21st of June 2018. It documents key points agreed on by all participating biobanks during the workshop thereby addressing several of the challenges identified. Although there are various possibilities for cooperation between academic biobanks and industry, this position article focuses exclusively on projects where academic biobanks give access to their biosamples and related data to industry partners. In doing so it considers the general conditions/framework and procedures in the German biobanking environment and raises ethical, legal, and procedural issues to be addressed when initiating such collaborations. It intends to furnish a basis for further activities to foster cooperation with industry and to push an overarching national coordination process. The final aim is to develop GBN-recommendations. Of course, many hospitals already have clear regulations on collaboration(s) with industry partners. These naturally take precedence for the GBA biobanks. However, where interest exists, GBN/GBA recommendations could help to induce changes to existing local policies nonetheless.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Utilization of Archived Plasma to Detect Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

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    机译 利用存档的血浆检测非小细胞肺癌患者的表皮生长因子受体突变
    摘要：Precision medicine has received increased attention as an effective approach for the treatment of cancer patients. Because of challenges associated with the availability of archived tissue, liquid biopsies are often performed to detect cancer-specific mutations. One of the major advantages of the liquid biopsy is that the treatment can be monitored longitudinally, even after the tumor tissue is no longer available. In a clinical setting, one component of precision medicine is the detection of cancer-specific mutations using archived samples. In this study, we evaluated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status of samples of lung cancer patients stored before introduction of the plasma EGFR test at our institution. The aim of this study was to validate the utility of archived plasma samples for detection of the EGFR mutation in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The Cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 was the first liquid biopsy test approved as a companion diagnostic test for patients with NSCLC treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We tested for the EGFR mutation in 116 plasma samples archived in the biobank, and the results were compared with those obtained in the tissue or cytology EGFR mutation test. The EGFR mutation-positive rate from archived plasma was lower than that determined from tissue or cytology at 19.0% and 53.4%, respectively, and the concordance rate between the two tests was 58.6%. Of interest, five (4.3%) samples showed the T790M mutation in the plasma test, whereas this mutation was only detected in two (1.7%) tissue/cytology samples. Five (4.3%) samples were additionally positive in the plasma test. Overall, these results indicate that archived plasma samples can serve as an alternative source for the plasma EGFR mutation test when tissue samples are not available, and can improve precision medicine and long-term follow-up in a noninvasive manner.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Changing the Culture of Tumor Tissue Biobanking in a Tertiary Referral Hospital Using an Audit and Feedback Strategy

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    机译 使用审核和反馈策略改变三级转诊医院肿瘤组织生物库的培养
    摘要：We examined whether the introduction of an audit and feedback strategy applied to specimens dissected at the John Hunter Hospital anatomical pathology department improved the number of formalin fixed tumor specimens sampled by anatomical pathology registrars for the Hunter Cancer Biobank. During the audit period (1/7/16 to 30/6/17) a total of 949 tumor specimens were sampled for the biobank compared with 393 of the previous year (1/7/15 to 30/6/16) resulting in a 141% increase in specimens biobanked. A targeted group of previously underrepresented specimen types, including brain, lung, and lymph node tumors were studied in depth to establish which specimens were sampled and which potentially biobankable specimens were “missed”. In this targeted group there was a 285% increase in the number of specimens biobanked and a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in tumor sampling in all three specimen types over the audit period compared with the previous year. In conclusion, the introduction of an audit and feedback strategy improved tumor tissue collection for biobanking. A potential drawback of email feedback is that overfixation may occur due to administrative time lag and these specimens must be documented accordingly because some tests are dependent on an optimal fixation time. Taking extra blocks for biobanking on all potential tumor specimens with excess tumor tissue at the time of cut-up can alleviate this problem.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Underpinning the Development of Seaweed Biotechnology: Cryopreservation of Brown Algae (Saccharina latissima) Gametophytes

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    机译 海藻生物技术发展的基础：褐藻（Saccharina latissima）配子体的冷冻保存
    摘要：Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) is an economically important species, and natural populations provide diverse and productive habitats as well as important ecosystem services. For seaweed aquaculture to be successful in newly emerging industry in Europe and other Western countries, it will have to develop sustainable production management strategies. A key feature in this process is the capacity to conserve genetic diversity for breeding programs aimed at developing seed stock for onward cultivation, as well as in the management of wild populations, as potentially interesting genetic resources are predicted to disappear due to climate change. In this study, the cryopreservation of male and female gametophytes (haploid life stage) of S. latissima by different combinations of two-step cooling methods and cryoprotectants was explored. We report here that cryopreservation constitutes an attractive option for the long-term preservation of S. latissima gametophytes, with viable cells in all treatment combinations. The highest viabilities for both male and female gametophytes were found using controlled-rate cooling methods combined with dimethyl sulfoxide 10% (v/v). Morphological normal sporophytes were observed to develop from cryopreserved vegetative gametophytic cells, independent of treatment. This indicates that cryopreservation is a useful preservation method for male and female S. latissima gametophytes.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Optimization of Tissue Microarrays from Banked Human Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues in the Cancer Research Setting

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    机译 从人类福尔马林固定石蜡包埋的组织中研究癌症的组织微阵列的优化。
    摘要：The tissue microarray (TMA) is a powerful tool for cancer biomarker discovery and validation. Tens to hundreds of samples can be evaluated simultaneously for molecular marker status at the protein or nucleic acid level. Although fully automated or semiautomated technologies for TMA creation provide excellent precision with respect to core transfer, they do not obviate the need for technical expertise to successfully generate high-quality TMA blocks and derivative sections. We have leveraged our expanding bank of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded paired tumor and normal tissues in our academic cancer center to provide a rich source of input material for cancer research TMAs. In this study, we report a stepwise optimization of TMA generation parameters, including paraffin wax selection, tempering protocol, and sectioning conditions, to achieve the best ribbon sectioning.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Monitoring Dehydration and Clearing in Tissue Processing for High-Quality Clinical Pathology

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    机译 监测组织加工过程中的脱水和清除情况，以获取高质量的临床病理学信息
    摘要：The development of precision testing for disease diagnosis has advanced medicine by specifically matching patients with drugs to treat specific diseases. High-quality diagnostics start with high-quality tissue specimens. The development and optimization of tissue handling and processing have lagged behind bioassay development. Ultrasound time-of-flight (TOF) technology has been successfully used to monitor the critical processing step of tissue fixation with formalin. In this study, we expand the use of this technology to monitor tissue dehydration and clearing by analyzing TOF signals from 270 different specimens, representing 13 different tissue types obtained through surgical resections. We determined the time constant τ90 for each tissue type for the following tissue processing solvents: 70% ethanol, 90% ethanol, 100% ethanol, and xylene. The TOF signals were correlated with tissue morphology to ensure that high-quality tissue was produced. Tissues can be grouped into those exhibiting fast and slow reagent diffusion. We monitored incomplete dehydration of tissue by skipping a key processing step, dehydration in absolute ethanol, and then correlated the τ90 with poor histomorphology, demonstrating that the technique can detect significant processing errors. Ultrasound TOF technology can therefore be used to monitor all phases of tissue processing cycle and yields an important preanalytical quality metric.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Usage Data and Scientific Impact of the Prospectively Established Fluid Bioresources at the Hospital-Based MedUni Wien Biobank

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    机译 总部设在医院的MedUni Wien生物库中潜在建立的流体生物资源的使用数据和科学影响
    摘要：Background and Aim: It is increasingly recognized that biomedical research has serious reproducibility issues, which could be overcome at least in part by standardized processing of biomaterials. Therefore, professional biobanks have emerged, positively influencing sample and data quality. However, quantitative data about a biobank's contribution to published results are still hard to find, although they could serve as valuable benchmark figures for the community. We therefore aimed to report usage data from the MedUni Wien Biobank facility regarding its prospective fluid cohorts.Methods: Input and access statistics and publication output were reported for the years 2010–2017. Performance dynamics were tested by correlation analyses according to Spearman. Additionally, virtual costs per sample were calculated.Results: The amount of annually collected aliquots rose significantly from 68,500 in 2010 to 151,966 in 2017 (p = 0.015), although no further increase was recorded after 2012 (p = 0.266). In the same period, the quotient of requested to stored aliquots increased from 3.5% to 6.1% (p = 0.001), as the yearly number of requested aliquots nearly quadrupled from 2401 to 9342. Likewise, the number of published research articles per year to which the MedUni Wien Biobank contributed increased from 2 (total impact factor: 8.6) in 2010 to 16 (total impact factor: 69.0) in 2017, resulting in a total of 69 identified publications. Currently, the biobank operates at 15- to 20-fold overproduction, leading to virtual costs per accessed sample of ∼€20.Conclusion: The reported usage data might serve as a benchmark for other hospital-integrated biobanks, and implies that academic biobanks are able to produce considerable scientific impact at comparable moderate costs.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Acceptable Weight Ranges for Research Tissue Procurement and Biorepositories, 2015–2017

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    机译 2015–2017年研究组织采购和生物储存库的可接受重量范围
    摘要：Background: The Cooperative Human Tissue Network, Midwestern Division, is a National Cancer Institute-funded program that provides quality research biospecimens to qualified investigators. Consented human tissues are procured according to researcher specifications for weight (size) and preservation type; weights of samples in significant demand and limited supply are negotiated. Weights of procured tissues are entered into a dedicated biospecimen database. This study seeks to provide guidance for acceptable tissue weights for researchers.Methods: Tissue weights by year and anatomic site were retrieved from the database for primary malignant tissues. The total number of tissues included was 5141. Statistical evaluation of data included the number of tissues for each year, anatomic site as well as minimum, maximum, average weights, standard deviation, and standard error. Anatomic sites with few tissues were excluded.Results: “Stock price” type graphs were constructed to show an average as “volume” with both full weight ranges and range that accommodated 80% of tissues. Average weight and number of sample trends varied by anatomic site. Tissues fell into four weight groups; 10 and 90 percentile boundaries were calculated for each. Smallest average research tissue weights for middle 80% were recorded for prostate and oropharynx (140 mg). Second weight group included tonsil, thyroid, breast, oral cavity, larynx, pancreas, salivary gland, skin, tongue, lung, and parotid (265 mg). The third group included stomach, cervix, colon, esophagus, endometrium, bone, brain, bladder, small bowel, uterus, liver, kidney lymph node, adrenal, and ovary (513 mg). The fourth and heaviest weight group included soft tissue tumors and spleen (1201 mg).Conclusions: Since tissue weights are not usually included in recommendations for research tissue procurement or for frozen tissues stored in biorepositories, we offer this data as a practical guide to researcher acceptable tissue weights for selected sites based on a 3-year researcher request and acceptance history.
  • 9.

    【2hr】ISBER and the Biobanking and Cohort Network (BCNet): A Strengthened Partnership

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    机译 ISBER与生物银行与队列网络（BCNet）：加强合作关系
    摘要：
  • 10.

    【2hr】Botanic Gardens Complement Agricultural Gene Bank in Collecting and Conserving Plant Genetic Diversity

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    机译 植物园补充农业基因库在植物遗传多样性的收集和保护中
    摘要：Originating in Europe in the 16th century, botanic gardens are found in nearly every country in the world. Botanic gardens have had various roles during this time, including as physic gardens, as adaptation centers for commercial crops, as pleasure gardens, and more recently as conservation institutions. The role of botanic gardens in the conservation of Crop Wild Relatives is becoming increasingly important. At least 6000 taxa related to 68 crop genera are maintained by the world's botanic gardens with several gardens having specialist collections. The extent of infra-specific genetic diversity of these Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) being conserved is currently unknown, although based on existing evidence it is likely to be low. However, these PGRFA collections, through display and education, play a significant role in linking the public to important issues, including food security and the need to conserve crop diversity. Today there are some 2700 botanic gardens in existence, and they are visited by over 500 million people every year. The majority of these gardens are found in temperate regions. At least 30% of all known plant species are found in botanic garden collections, including 41% of threatened species. These ex situ collections are conserved in a variety of ways, including as seed bank collections. Around 350 botanic gardens together maintain seed collections of 57,000 taxa. These seed bank collections have a variety of uses, including for research and reintroduction.
  • 11.

    【2hr】National Cancer Institute Biospecimen Evidence-Based Practices: Harmonizing Procedures for Nucleic Acid Extraction from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue

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    机译 美国国家癌症研究所生物标本的循证实践：从福尔马林固定，石蜡包埋的组织中提取核酸的统一程序
    摘要：
  • 12.

    【2hr】Correction to: Impact of Specimen Heterogeneity on Biomarkers in Repository Samples from Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A SWOG Report, by Pogosova-Agadjanyan, EL, et al. Biopreserv Biobank 2018;16(1):42–52. DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0079

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    机译 校正至：样本异质性对急性髓性白血病患者储库样品中生物标志物的影响：SWOG报告，作者：Pogosova-Agadjanyan，EL等。 Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 16（1）：42–52。 DOI：10.1089 / bio.2017.0079
    • 作者：
    • 刊名：Biopreservation and Biobanking
    • 2018年第2期
    摘要：
  • 13.

    【2hr】Effect of Postmortem Interval and Years in Storage on RNA Quality of Tissue at a Repository of the NIH NeuroBioBank

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    机译 死后间隔和保存年限对NIH NeuroBioBank储存库中组织RNA品质的影响
    摘要：Brain tissue from 1068 donors was analyzed for RNA quality as a function of postmortem interval (PMI) and years in storage. Approximately 83% of the cortical and cerebellar samples had an RNA integrity number (RIN) of 6 or greater, indicating their likely suitability for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction research. The average RIN value was independent of the PMI, up to at least 36 hours. The RNA quality for specific donated brains could not be predicted based on the PMI. Individual samples with a low PMI could have a poor RIN value, while a sample with a PMI over 36 hours may have a high RIN value. The RIN values for control brain donors, all of whom died suddenly and unexpectedly, were marginally higher than for individuals with clinical brain disorders. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of samples confirmed that RIN values were more critical than PMI for determining suitability of tissue for molecular biological studies and samples should be matched by their RIN values rather than PMI. Importantly, PCR analysis established that tissue stored up to 23 years at −80°C yielded high-quality RNA. These results confirm that postmortem human brain tissue collected by brain and tissue banks over decades can serve as high quality material for the study of human disorders.
  • 14.

    【2hr】The 2018 Revision of the ISBER Best Practices: Summary of Changes and the Editorial Team's Development Process

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    机译 ISBER最佳做法的2018年修订：变更摘要和编辑团队的开发流程
    摘要：An increased need for specimens of reliable and consistent quality for research purposes requires the development of standardized policies and practices for the collection, handling, storage, retrieval, and distribution of specimens and specimen-related data. Providers of specimen resources should strive to incorporate new technologies and state-of-the-science approaches and thus ensure the availability of fit-for-purpose research specimens. Strategies to achieve quality outcomes and performance improvements often include adherence to established standards and implementation of best practices. Although standards represent a rigid set of guidelines that define exactly how a task should be completed, best practices are recommended actions and principles that demonstrate an awareness of standards, solve problems, can be replicated, and work in a given context. Adoption of best practice elements will vary based on the goals and circumstances of a given initiative, and in some instances, may not be possible to implement or may represent an aspirational achievement. In an effort to harmonize the scientific, technical, legal, and ethical issues relevant to repositories of biological and environmental specimens, the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER) has released the updated ISBER Best Practices: Recommendations for Repositories (ISBER Best Practices). The document provides a comprehensive tool to guide repository professionals in both managerial and technical aspects such as practical details on repository governance, development, and operation; regulatory compliance; and ethical, legal, and social issues relevant to repositories. This summary describes the process for revising the document and summarizes the new topics, updates, and areas of expansion included in the fourth edition of ISBER Best Practices.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Translating Biobank Science into Patient-Centered Language

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    机译 将生物库科学转化为以患者为中心的语言
    摘要：Introduction: This project used Boot Camp Translation (BCT) to translate the complex medical jargon of biobanking into locally relevant evidence-based messages and materials to support increased knowledge and understanding in the local community.Methods: Biobank BCT was a partnership of 16 community members and 5 academic researchers. The partnership met for 8 months.Results: The partnership developed five main and seven submessages to assist patients and community members in making an informed decision about enrollment in a biobank.Discussion: The resulting messages balance an individual's right to privacy and choice, while encouraging participation for the greater good.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Small Nucleolar RNA Score: An Assay to Detect Formalin-Overfixed Tissue

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    机译 小核仁RNA分数：检测福尔马林过度固定的组织的分析
    摘要：Although there are millions of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks potentially available for scientific research, many are of questionable quality, partly due to unknown fixation conditions. We analyzed FFPE tissue biospecimens as part of the NCI Biospecimen Preanalytical Variables (BPV) program to identify microRNA (miRNA) markers for fixation time. miRNA was extracted from kidney and ovary tumor FFPE blocks (19 patients, cold ischemia ≤2 hours) with 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours fixation times, then analyzed using the WaferGen SmartChip platform (miRNA chip with 1036 miRNA targets). For fixation time, principal component analysis of miRNA chip expression data separated 72 hours fixed samples from 6 to 24 hours fixed samples. A set of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) targets was identified that best determines fixation time and was validated using a second independent cohort of seven different tissue types. A customized assay was then developed, based on a set of 24 miRNA and snRNA targets, and a simple “snoRNA score” defined. This score detects FFPE tissue samples with fixation for 72 hours or more, with 79% sensitivity and 80% specificity. It can therefore be used to assess the fitness-for-purpose of FFPE samples for DNA or RNA-based research or clinical assays, which are known to be of limited robustness to formalin overfixation.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Mind the Gap: From Tool to Knowledge Base

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    机译 注意差距：从工具到知识库
    摘要：With the ethical, legal, and societal issues (ELSI) Knowledge Base, we introduce a key element of the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure—European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC) Common Service ELSI, which provides ethical, legal, and societal support for researchers and biobankers involved in transnational research. In contrast to the customized support provided by the ELSI Helpdesk, the ELSI Knowledge Base will be available to the user on a self-serve basis. The information that is made available through a knowledge base comes from multiple sources, usually from several expert contributors who are well versed in the subject matter. The knowledge base provides users with a first orientation on the subject matter, as well as allowing them to explore more detailed information if desired in a self-service manner. It is crucial that the information and knowledge provided are shared in a manner that is user friendly. Long lists of links, legalistic language, and multiple links have to be avoided wherever possible. The long-term sustainability and accuracy of a knowledge base need to be ensured by placing its expert curation and technical maintenance under the responsibility of an organization rather than a research consortium. In its core, it builds on a scenario-based approach using a nonlegalistic language. In addition, the knowledge base connects to frequently asked questions, promotes contract and informed consent templates, how-to-guides, best-practice models, and scripts. The ELSI Knowledge Base is a key element of the BBMRI-ERIC Common Service ELSI, which currently serves biobanks but will be enlarged to serve the biological and medical sciences community. In contrast to the ELSI Helpdesk, which provides customized support, the ELSI Knowledge Base is available to the user on a self-serve basis. The conceptualization of the ELSI Knowledge Base builds on assessments of several ethical, legal, and societal guidance tools that favor a single sustainable knowledge base for closing the knowledge gap by providing practical hands-on guidance for researchers. Ultimately, the ELSI Knowledge Base aims at promoting practical know-how and skills for conducting responsible research.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Conserving and Sharing Taro Genetic Resources for the Benefit of Global Taro Cultivation: A Core Contribution of the Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees

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    机译 保护和分享芋头遗传资源以促进全球芋头种植：太平洋作物和树木中心的核心贡献
    摘要：This review article gives an account of the origin, domestication, and dispersal of taro, a staple food crop in many countries in the humid tropics and subtropics. Genetic diversity studies indicated that distinct gene pools exist in all the regions where taro may be naturally distributed—the Indian subcontinent, China, Southeast Asia, and in Oceania. The Asian gene pool presented the highest genetic diversity. Diploid taro is prevalent in the Pacific Islands, while both diploids and triploids are found in mainland Asia. Triploids are thought to provide better adaptability and enhanced hardiness to higher altitudes and latitudes where sexual reproduction is not viable. The Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT) conserves in vitro close to 70% of the taro genetic resources held ex situ and is therefore considered the world center for taro genetic resources. Phytophthora colocasiae or taro leaf blight (TLB) is the most severe disease of taro' causing 25%–50% yield losses and postharvest decay of corms. The CePaCT genebank supported the participatory TLB breeding program in Samoa through the provision of diverse taro germplasm from the Asian gene pool. However, CePaCT not only serves taro producers in the Pacific but also shares new allelic diversity of taro globally. More recent distributions of taro genetic diversity to West and Central Africa were in response to an outbreak and spread of TLB in West Africa. Global dissemination of taro genetic diversity is assisting producer countries in the process of adaptation to emerging biotic and abiotic stresses, exacerbated by climate change.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Special Issue on Agricultural Genebanks

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    机译 农业基因库特刊
    • 作者：Elena Popova
    • 刊名：Biopreservation and Biobanking
    • 2018年第5期
    摘要：
  • 20.

    【2hr】Vavilov's Collection of Worldwide Crop Genetic Resources in the 21st Century

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    机译 瓦维洛夫（Vavilov）在21世纪收集的全球作物遗传资源
    • 作者：N.I. Dzyubenko
    • 刊名：Biopreservation and Biobanking
    • 2018年第5期
    摘要：N.I. Vavilov was among the first scientists who recognized the high potential value of plant genetic resources (PGR) for humankind. In addition to his fundamental work on the centers of crop origin, he emphasized the importance of collection and ex situ conservation of cultivated plants and their wild relatives, to make them available for breeding programs and for future generations. Vavilov's ideas formed a solid scientific basis for the long-term efforts on securing PGR in ex situ genebanks, both internationally and in Russia. The collection of seeds and living plants at the N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is one of the oldest in the world. The size of the collection increased from 301 accessions in 1901 to over 330,000 accessions in 2017, now representing 64 botanical families, 376 genera, and 2169 species. Acquisition was mainly focused on crops that are suitable for cultivation in Russia such as potatoes, barley, wheat, sorghum, beans, vegetables, forage species, and many others. For over a century, VIR has been providing the materials for breeding programs and research, which resulted in developing new cultivars with unique characteristics such as high yield combined with deceased resistance, improved storability, cold and drought tolerance, or ability to grow on deserts and polluted lands. The main field collection near St. Petersburg and 11 main branches across the country covering a wide spectrum of climatic conditions combined with modern seed storage, in vitro and cryobank facilities, and molecular laboratories form a solid platform for breeding, regeneration, and evaluation of accessions in the collection. This article gives a brief overview of VIR as the leading genebank and breeding center in Russia, its main activities in conservation and utilization of PGR for national food security and its role in developing national policies in this area.
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