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  • 1.

    【2hr】Renal statistical map for positron emission tomography with [O-15] water

    包量

    机译 [O-15]水用于正电子发射断层扫描的肾脏统计图
    摘要：Image statistics are frequently used for functional and molecular imaging research in which images from a patient group with a specific diagnosis are compared with images from a healthy control group who have been matched for demographic variables. The success of image statistics for brain imaging has encouraged us to develop a method for obtaining volumetrically normalized kidney to perform image statistics so that we can locally visualize the statistical significant difference comparing voxel by voxel between certain groups in terms kidney blood flow kinetic parameters. For the development of this evolutionary process, we first volumetrically normalized all subjects, which include healthy control (HC) and chronic renal failure (CRF) patients, 15O water PET image with respect to one HC subject’s MRI image using affine transformation. Then 15O kinetic parametric images of normalized kidneys were obtained through the basis function method. Finally, the statistical map of these parametric images was produced using the threshold-free cluster enhancement based permutation method. Kinetic parameters of kidney namely, uptake rate constant (K1), clearance rate constant (k2) and blood volume (Va), were found to be notably lower in CRF than those of in HC and k2 parameter was found to be more stable compared to K1 and Va. The statistical map of these parametric images allowed us to visualize local significant differences statistically (P<0.05) between HC and CRF groups. Though PET and MRI techniques have enormous potentiality for functional and molecular imaging of kidney, these are, at best, in experimental level. It is speculated that statistical mapping of kidney could play a significant role in the successful implementation of functional and molecular kidney imaging. However, more research involving a larger sample size and improved normalization technique will be needed for the robustness of the process.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Dual-point FDG-PET/CT for treatment response assessment in Hodgkin lymphoma, when an FDG-avid lesion persists after treatment

    包量

    机译 当治疗后仍存在FDG-avid病变时，双点FDG-PET / CT可用于霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗反应评估
    摘要：FDG-PET/CT (PET) is now considered the standard imaging tool for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) staging and restaging. However a CT-detected residual mass at the end of therapy (EoT) is still a challenge for PET interpretation. The aim of our study was to improve the overall accuracy of EoT PET/CT by using a dynamic dual-point scanning at 60 and 120 after FDG injection (2P-PET/CT). Fifty-one HL patients showing a single residual FDG-avid mass (SFAM) at EoT PET/CT were included in the study in Italy and Poland. Treatment was ABVD, ABVD followed by BEACOPP or ABVD plus radiotherapy. Only patients with a SFAM and a Deauville score (DS) > 2 in EoT PET/CT were included in the study. Two independent nuclear medicine reviewed images with a semi-quantitative analysis (SUVMax and retention index, RI) and a visual scoring according to DS. Compared to standard PET, 2P-PET/CT showed only a modest increase in NPV and PPV, from 0.87 to 0.89 and of the PPV from 0.67 to 0.71, respectively. Increase of the overall accuracy became substantial upon including in the analysis only patients whose images were acquired in strict adhesion to original protocol of 2P-PET/CT scanning: (t 120’-6040 min): the sensitivity increased from 0.60 to 1.00, PPV from 0.75 to 0.83 and NPV from 0.89 to 1. This study, with caution for the small number of patients included, seems to suggest that 2P-PET/CT could increase the overall accuracy of EoT PET/CT in correctly classifying treatment response in HL with a persisting SFAM at EoT.
  • 3.

    【2hr】The relationship between tumor aggressiveness and cholinergic PET imaging in prostate cancer tissue. A proof-of-concept study

    包量

    机译 前列腺癌组织中肿瘤侵袭性与胆碱能PET成像之间的关系。概念验证研究
    摘要：It was recently shown that high-risk prostate carcinoma (PCa) exhibited parasympathetic neurogenesis. The PET tracer 11C-donepezil is a marker of parasympathetic innervation. Therefore, we studied if parasympathetic nerve density in PCa measured with 11C-donepezil PET correlated with PCa aggressiveness and if metastases could be visualized. Twenty-six patients were included into three groups with varying tumor aggressiveness. Dynamic and static PET scans were performed. Maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were determined in lesions within the prostate, lymph nodes, and bones. SUVmax in primary PCa were compared between groups, and comparisons between SUVmax and Gleason score and Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were performed. Kinetic modelling was performed and time-activity curves of healthy tissue and tumor tissue fitted and compared. Tumor kinetic parameters were normalized to those of healthy tissue producing ratios of K1 and k2. Median SUVmax in primary PCa was higher in high-grade compared to low-grade PCa (P = 0.052). No correlation was seen between Gleason score and SUVmax (P = 0.28). A trend-level correlation was seen between PSA and SUVmax (P = 0.078). Median SUVmax was 7.7 (4.7-22.5) for suspected lymph node metastases and 8.2 (5.4-14.8) for suspected bone metastases. A significant difference was seen between time-activity tissue curves for low- and high-grade PCa (P = 0.012). Highly significant differences were seen in K1- and k2-ratios between low- and high-grade PCa (P = 0.0006 and P < 0.0001). We showed that 11C-donepezil accumulates in primary PCa and metastases. Simple SUVmax values of the cancer hot spots were higher in high-risk tumors compared to low-risk tumors. Further studies should elucidate the importance of cholinergic neurogenesis for prostate cancer biology.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Update on imaging-based diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection

    包量

    机译 急性肾移植排斥反应的影像学诊断最新进展
    摘要：Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Despite effective immunosuppressants, acute allograft rejections pose a major threat to graft survival. In early stages, acute rejections are still potentially reversible, and early detection is crucial to initiate the necessary treatment options and to prevent further graft dysfunction or even loss of the complete graft. Currently, invasive core needle biopsy is the reference standard to diagnose acute rejection. However, biopsies carry the risk of graft injuries and cannot be immediately performed on patients receiving anticoagulation drugs. Therefore, non-invasive assessment of the whole organ for specific and rapid detection of acute allograft rejection is desirable. We herein provide a review summarizing current imaging-based approaches for non-invasive diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Radiolabelled choline versus PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer restaging: a meta-analysis

    包量

    机译 放射性标记胆碱与PSMA PET / CT在前列腺癌再分期中的荟萃分析
    摘要：Both radiolabelled choline and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) could be used in patients with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (BRPCa). We aimed to perform a meta-analysis about the head-to-head comparison of detection rate (DR) between these methods in BRPCa. A comprehensive literature search of studies listed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases through October 2018 and regarding the head-to-head comparison of DR between radiolabelled choline and PSMA PET/CT in BRPCa was carried out. Overall pooled DR was calculated on a per patient-based analysis; subgroup analyses taking into account different prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cut-off values were performed. Five studies (257 BRPCa patients) were included. The meta-analysis provided the following overall DR: 56% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 37-75%] for radiolabelled choline PET/CT and 78% (95% CI: 70-84%) for radiolabelled PSMA PET/CT. Significant difference of DR was found only in patients with PSA ≤ 1 ng/ml [the DR of radiolabelled choline and PSMA PET/CT were 27% (95% CI: 17-39%) and 54% (95% CI: 43-65%), respectively]. Radiolabelled PSMA PET/CT proved to be clearly superior in detecting BRPCa lesions at low PSA levels (≤ 1 ng/ml) when compared to radiolabelled choline PET/CT. On the other hand, the superiority of radiolabelled PSMA PET/CT was less evident in patients with PSA > 1 ng/ml. More studies and in particular cost-effectiveness analyses comparing these imaging methods are warranted.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Quantitative applications in positron emission tomography achieved through signal modelling

    包量

    机译 通过信号建模在正电子发射断层扫描中的定量应用
    摘要：Positron emission tomography (PET) is a valuable tool in medical imaging, but it provides limited quantitative utility in a number of important applications, such as mapping of tracer accumulation in small tissues and quantitative assessment of factors affecting tracer uptake. We aimed to develop a quantification approach based on signal modelling, to address the above limitations. Our signal modelling approach allows for a comprehensive description of target and background signals. We used in silico simulations to exemplify the quantitative utility of signal modelling in a number of applications and conducted scans of standardized PET phantoms to validate our computer simulation algorithms. The simulations showed that the modelling approach allows applications not supported by current techniques, such as estimation of activity fractions of sub-resolution small tissues and accurate quantification of the effect of biological factors, such as hypoxia, on tracer accumulation. There was strong agreement between the simulation data and actual scans of phantoms, providing support for the validity of the simulation algorithms. We conclude that the presented signal modelling approach may provide a framework for image analysis that can improve and expand the quantitative capacity of PET imaging.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Examining correlations of oxygen sensitive MRI (BOLD/TOLD) with [18F]FMISO PET in rat prostate tumors

    包量

    机译 检查氧敏感性MRI（BOLD / TOLD）与[18F] FMISO PET在大鼠前列腺肿瘤中的相关性
    摘要：Hypoxia is regarded as a potential prognostic biomarker for tumor aggressiveness, progression, and response to therapy. The radiotracer 18F-fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) has been used with positron emission tomography (PET) to reveal tumor hypoxia. Meanwhile, blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI and tissue oxygen level dependent (TOLD) MRI offer insight into oxygenation based on endogenous signals without the need for radiolabels. Here, we compared BOLD and TOLD MRI with [18F]FMISO uptake using Dunning prostate R3327-AT1 tumor bearing rats. BOLD and TOLD MRI were acquired with respect to an oxygen gas breathing challenge. The following day, dynamic PET was performed up to 90 minutes following IV injection of [18F]FMISO. Tumors showed distinct heterogeneity based on each technique. Correlations were observed between magnitude of mean BOLD or TOLD MRI signal responses to oxygen-breathing challenge and initial distribution of [18F]FMISO. Correlations were observed for whole tumor as well on a regional basis with stronger correlations in the well perfused tumor periphery indicating the strong influence of perfused vasculature. After 90 minutes most correlations with signal intensity became quite weak, but correlations were observed between hypoxic fraction based on FMISO and fractions of tumor showing BOLD or TOLD response in a subset of tumors. This emphasizes the importance of considering regional heterogeneity and responsive fractions, as opposed to simple magnitudes of responses. Although the data represent a small cohort of tumors they present direct correlations between oxygen sensitive MRI and PET hypoxia reporter agents in the same tumors, indicating the potential utility of further investigations.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Evaluation of PET/CT in patients with stage III malignant cutaneous melanoma

    包量

    机译 Ⅲ期恶性皮肤黑色素瘤患者PET / CT评价
    摘要：In order to evaluate if patients with stage III-IV MCM are eligible for curative treatment PET/CT is performed. Since the diagnostic value of PET/CT is not unambiguously, a retrospective cohort study is performed to tailor optimal indication of PET/CT in patients with stage III MCM. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients with stage III disease in a large oncologic teaching hospital in which PET/CT was performed from 2012 to 2016. The primary tumor- and regional lymph node characteristics were assessed to predict distant metastasis seen on PET/CT. A total of 73 patients were included of which 18% were restaged as stage IV by PET/CT. Twenty percent of the patients with a positive lymph node and 14% of patients with in transit metastasis or satellite lesions were restaged to stage IV. T-classification, ulceration and N-classification did not predict distant metastasis. Localization of the primary tumor significantly differed (P = 0.004). Localization on the head/neck resulted in a 32 greater odds of distant metastasis (P = 0.008). After a median follow-up of 36 months, 13 out of 60 (27%) stage III MCM patients were restaged as stage IV after the first performed PET/CT. This retrospective cohort study resulted in restaging of 18% of the stage III MCM patients by PET/CT, with therapeutic consequences. Patients with stage III MCM on the head/neck seem to have more distant spreading of the tumor than other localizations. Further investigation is needed, with larger sample sizes, to guide optimal indication of PET/CT.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Tissue volume and activity mapping using total intensity projection of PET/CT images

    包量

    机译 使用PET / CT图像的总强度投影绘制组织体积和活性图
    摘要：Autoradiography using phosphor imaging screens is often used to characterize tissue distribution of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. PET tracers emit positrons with limited penetration range, and valid quantitative autoradiography can therefore only be achieved in thin tissue slices. However, in some settings, quantitative tracer profiling in thick tissues is required. Our aim was to develop a reliable method for this purpose. In this paper, we present a method based on total intensity projections (TIPs) of PET and computed tomography (CT) images. We show theoretically and experimentally that tissue total activity and tissue volume maps can be derived from the TIPs of PET and CT images, respectively. We also show that these maps are free of signal displacement artifacts in the direction of projection. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we obtain and compare TIP-based maps and autoradiography of ex-vivo atherosclerotic minipig aortas following in-vivo injection of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. We show that autoradiography of the thick aortas yields distorted results due to positron range effects, whereas TIP-mapping is free from such bias. The TIP-based maps may, thus, provide a low-resolution alternative to autoradiography, when tracer accumulation profiling in thick tissues is required.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Diagnostic HER2-binding radiopharmaceutical, [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025, for routine clinical use in breast cancer patients

    包量

    机译 诊断性HER2结合放射性药物[68Ga] Ga-ABY-025，用于乳腺癌患者的常规临床应用
    摘要：[68Ga]Ga-ABY-025/PET-CT targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) has demonstrated its potential clinical value for the detection and quantification of HER2 in a phase I clinical study with breast cancer patients. Previously, the radiopharmaceutical was prepared manually, however larger scale of multicenter clinical trials and routine healthcare requires automation of the production process to limit the operator radiation dose, improve tracer manufacturing robustness, and provide on-line documentation for good manufacturing practice (GMP) compliance. The production of [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 was implemented on the Modular-Lab PharmTrace synthesis platform (Eckert & Ziegler) and disposable cassettes were developed. Pharmaceutical grade 68Ge/68Ga generator (GalliaPharm®) was used in the study. The active pharmaceutical ingredient starting material ABY-025 (GMP grade) was provided by Affibody AB. The patient examinations were conducted using a Discovery MI PET/CT scanner (20 cm FOV, GE Healthcare). Reproducible and GMP compliant fully automated production of [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 was developed. The radiochemical purity of the product was 98.7 ± 0.6% with total peptide content of 315 ± 15 µg (n = 3). Radionuclidic purity, sterility, endotoxin content, residual solvent content, and sterile filter integrity were controlled and met acceptance criteria. The product was stable at ambient temperature for at least 2 h. The primary tumor and metastasis were detected with SUVmax values of 8.3 and 16.0, respectively. Automated production of [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 was established and the process was validated enabling standardized multicenter phase II and III clinical trials and routine clinical use. Patient examinations conformed to the radiopharmaceutical biodistribution observed in the previous phase I study.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Feasibility of rapid integrated radiation therapy planning with follow-up FDG PET/CT to improve overall treatment assessment in head and neck cancer

    包量

    机译 快速的综合放射治疗计划和后续的FDG PET / CT计划的可行性，以改善头颈癌的总体治疗评估
    摘要：Inflammatory changes and residual disease are difficult to distinguish after high dose, definitive radiotherapy of head and neck malignancies. FDG uptake located within a high dose field may more likely represent inflammatory changes, and FDG uptake outside of the radiation field could represent unsuspected and under treated disease. In situ knowledge of the precise radiotherapy fields, therefore, may be useful in distinguishing these etiologies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of rapid integration of radiation treatment field images during follow-up FDG PET/CT imaging. Twenty head and neck cancer patients who underwent radiation therapy were identified. A MIM based workflow was created which fused the radiation treatment CT, including the planning volumes and isodose curves, into the follow-up imaging. Two board certified physicians, blinded to treatment outcome, reviewed the follow-up exams, half with the treatment information and half without. Each exam was scored for recurrent or residual disease, confidence of the read and a qualitative assessment to the overall usefulness of the treatment plan. Interpretation accuracy improved from 80 to 90% with integration of the treatment plan. Similarly, the sensitivity improved from 71% to 86%, while the specificity increased from 85% to 92%. Confidence also increased by 0.7 on a 5 point scale for both readers. Data demonstrate the clinical feasibility of rapidly incorporating radiation treatment dosimetry into follow-up FDG PET/CT exams in patients with head and neck cancer. Preliminary results demonstrated a simple, efficient method which improved accuracy of interpretation and overall reader confidence.
  • 12.

    【2hr】68Ga[Ga]-, 111In[In]-oxine: a novel strategy of in situ radiolabeling of HPMA-based micelles

    包量

    机译 68Ga [Ga]-，111In [In] -oxine：基于HPMA的胶束原位放射标记的新策略
    摘要：Polymeric micelles are of increasing interest as drug delivery vehicles since they can accumulate in tumor tissue through EPR effect and deliver their hydrophobic cargo. The pharmacology can be visualized and quantified noninvasively by molecular imaging techniques. Here, a novel, fast and efficient technique for radiolabeling various HPMA-LMA based micellar aggregates with hydrophobic oxine-complexes of the trivalent radiometals 68Ga and 111In was investigated. The radiometal-oxine complexes resemble the hydrophobic drug 111In[In]-oxine considered for the diagnosis of infection and inflammation. Promising in vitro stability lead to in vivo evaluation in healthy mice in terms of quantitative ex vivo organ distribution. The results show that while the hydrophobic radiometal-oxine complexes were safely encapsulated in aqueous saline, they left the polymeric micelles slowly in contact with blood serum and more rapidly in vivo. Due to the similarity between the radiometal complexes and hydrophobic drugs transported in the polymeric micelles this has significant implications for further strategies on transport mechanisms of hydrophobically encapsulated drugs.
  • 13.

    【2hr】PET/DW-MRI for evaluating treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients

    包量

    机译 PET / DW-MRI评价慢性丙型肝炎患者的治疗
    摘要：This feasibility study set out to investigate the use of FDG-PET/DW-MRI in chronic hepatitis C patients to examine changes in local liver inflammation after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). Twelve patients with chronic hepatitis C were prospectively enrolled, performing FDG-PET/DW-MRI prior to and after DAA treatment. PET/DW-MRI included PET acquisition 60 and 90 min after FDG-injection, DIXON, for attenuation correction, T2- and DW-MRI with 10 b-values between 0-700 s/mm2. The following parameters were measured from fusion of 3 volumes of interest (VOIs) placed in the liver parenchyma: Mean standard uptake value after 60 and 90 minutes (SUVmean60 and SUVmean90), total Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), perfusion fraction (PF), pseudo-diffusion (D*) and perfusion-free diffusion (D). We found PET/DW-MRI of chronic hepatitis C patients to be feasible. Patients were cooperative, tolerated the scans well and the image quality was acceptable. A total of 10 patients were available for final analysis. All patients achieved sustained virologic response and normalized alanine-aminotransferase (ALAT) levels after treatment with DAA. Perfusion fraction measured by DW-MRI changed significantly after treatment, from mean 0.21 (± 0.04) to 0.26 (± 0.06), P=0.005 and D* from 0.50 (± 0.13) × 10-3 s/mm2 to 0.62 (± 0.15) × 10-3 s/mm2, P=0.028. All other parameters, including FDG-uptake, was unchanged. These results suggest that liver perfusion is changed shortly after DAA treatment, with no significant change in inflammation. The study concludes that PET/DW-MR is feasible in quantifying perfusion and possibly inflammation in chronic hepatitis C patients and may be used to follow treatment.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Targeting ELTD1, an angiogenesis marker for glioblastoma (GBM), also affects VEGFR2: molecular-targeted MRI assessment

    包量

    机译 靶向胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的血管生成标记物ELTD1，也会影响VEGFR2：分子靶向MRI评估
    摘要：Glioblastomas (GBM) are deadly brain tumors that currently do not have long-term patient treatments available. GBM overexpress the angiogenesis factor VEGF and its receptor VEGFR2. ETLD1 (epidermal growth factor, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) protein, we discovered as a biomarker for high-grade gliomas, is also a novel regulator of angiogenesis. Since it was established that VEGF regulates ELTD1, we wanted to establish if VEGFR2 is also associated with ELTD1, by targeted antibody inhibition. G55 glioma-bearing mice were treated with either anti-ELTD1 or anti-VEGFR2 antibodies. With the use of MRI molecular imaging probes, we were able to detect in vivo levels of either ELTD1 (anti-ELTD1 probe) or VEGFR2 (anti-VEGFR2 probe). Protein expressions were obtained for ELTD1, VEGF or VEGFR2 via immunohistochemistry (IHC). VEGFR2 levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with anti-ELTD1 antibody treatment, and ELTD1 levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with anti-VEGFR2 antibody treatment, both compared to untreated tumors. IHC from mouse tumor tissues established that VEGFR2 and ELTD1 were co-localized. The mouse anti-ELTD1 antibody treatment study indicated that anti-VEGFR2 antibody treatment does not significantly increase survival, decrease tumor volumes, or alter tumor perfusion (measured as relative cerebral blood flow or rCBF). Conversely, anti-ELTD1 antibody treatment was able to significantly increase animal survival (P < 0.01), decrease tumor volumes (P < 0.05), and reduce change in rCBF (P < 0.001), when compared to untreated or IgG-treated tumor bearing mice. Anti-ELTD1 antibody therapy could be beneficial in targeting ELTD1, as well as simultaneously affecting VEGFR2, as a possible GBM treatment.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Radionuclide generators: the prospect of availing PET radiotracers to meet current clinical needs and future research demands

    包量

    机译 放射性核素发生器：利用PET放射性示踪剂满足当前临床需求和未来研究需求的前景
    摘要：Targeted molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a successful technique for detecting and diagnosing disease conditions promptly and accurately, and for effectively prognosticating outcomes and treating patients with a tailored and more individualized intervention. In order to expand the success of PET in nuclear medicine, it is important to assure access to radiotracers of desired quantities and qualities. In this context, the benefit of accessing PET radiotracers through a radionuclide generator (RNG) cannot be overstated, as generators offer the potential of enriching the PET radiotracer arsenal at the medical centers both with and without onsite cyclotrons. While RNG technology to avail PET tracers is in its infancy, their use is expected to revitalize current PET practices and seems poised to broaden the palette of PET in nuclear medicine in the foreseeable future. In this review, we discuss the principles of RNGs, assess major parent/daughter pairs of interest for PET, RNGs currently in use in clinical PET, and identify the potentially useful RNGs which have made substantial progress or are likely to be used in daily clinical practices in the near future. Availability of the parent radionuclides required for PET RNGs is an important criterion and hence their production will also be reviewed. This overview outlines a critical assessment of RNGs to avail PET tracers, the contemporary status of RNGs, and key challenges and apertures to the near future.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Early perfusion and dopamine transporter imaging using 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT in patients with parkinsonism

    包量

    机译 帕金森病患者使用18F-FP-CIT PET / CT进行早期灌注和多巴胺转运蛋白成像
    摘要：Combined use of 18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (FP-CIT) for dopamine transporter imaging and 18F-fludeoxyglucose (FDG) for glucose metabolism shows good diagnostic performance for differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and Parkinson plus syndrome (multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and dementia with Lewy bodies). A recent study showed that 18F-FP-CIT positron emission tomography (PET) with early perfusion imaging is useful for the differential diagnosis of PD and Parkinson plus syndrome with lower radiation exposure, time, and cost. In this review, we summarize the advantages of using 18F-FP-CIT PET for perfusion and dopamine transporter imaging, as well as clinical features useful for the differential diagnosis of PD and Parkinson plus syndrome.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Preclinical PET tracers for the evaluation of sarcomas: understanding tumor biology

    包量

    机译 临床前PET示踪剂评估肉瘤：了解肿瘤生物学
    • 作者：Ian R SigalRonnie Sebro
    • 刊名：American Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
    • 2018年第6期
    摘要：Sarcomas are rare tumors of mesenchymal origin. Sarcomas display significant histological heterogeneity, resulting in significant imaging heterogeneity. 18F-FDG PET has is increasingly used for the evaluation, staging and surveillance of patients with sarcomas. 18F-FDG PET maximum SUV has been shown to be correlated with sarcoma grade and overall survival. This has led to interest in alternative PET tracers to assess the biological characteristics of tumors and guide treatment decisions. Here we investigate novel PET/CT tracers used for the evaluation of sarcomas over the past 20 years and summarize what we have learned about sarcoma tumor biology from these studies.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Multi-level otsu method to define metabolic tumor volume in positron emission tomography

    包量

    机译 在正电子发射断层扫描中定义代谢肿瘤体积的多级otsu方法
    摘要：This study was to validate reliability and clinical utility of a PET tumor segmentation method using multi-level Otsu (MO-PET) in standard National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) image quality (IQ) phantom and patients with osteosarcoma. The NEMA IQ phantom was prepared with a lesion-to-background ratio (LBR) of either 8:1, 4:1, or 1.5:1. The artificial lesions in the phantom were segmented using MO-PET, gradient-based method (PETedge), relative threshold methods, and background threshold methods. Metabolic tumor volumes (MTVs) using MO-PET and PETedge were named as MTV (MO-PET) and MTV (PETedge), respectively. Among the MTVs using multiple methods, only MTV (MO-PET) and MTV (PETedge) showed excellent agreements with the actual volume of NEMA IQ phantom across the different LBRs (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.987, 0.985 in LBR 8:1, 0.981, 0.993 in LBR 4:1 and 0.947, 0.994 in LBR 1.5:1). Repeated measurements of MTV (MO-PET) of the primary tumors showed excellent reproducibility with ICC of 0.994 (0.989-0.997) in patients with osteosarcoma. Also, MTV (MO-PET) was found to be predictive of Event Free Survival (EFS) [Hazard ratio (95% CI) = 6.1 (2.1-17.2), log rank P = 0.0003] in patients with osteosarcoma. We have validated in NEMA IQ phantom that the MTV (MO-PET) is accurate, and importantly, stable and consistent across a range of lesion sizes and LBRs representative of clinical tumor lesions. Furthermore, MTV (MO-PET) showed excellent reproducibility and was predictive for EFS in patients with osteosarcoma.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Metabolic and densitometric correlation between atherosclerotic plaque and trabecular bone: an 18F-Natrium-Fluoride PET/CT study

    包量

    机译 动脉粥样硬化斑块与小梁骨之间的代谢和光密度相关性：一项18F-Natrium-Fluoride PET / CT研究
    摘要：Increasing evidence links atherosclerosis to a decreased bone thickness. This correlation could reflect a bone/plaque interaction. Hereby we analyzed Hounsfield density (HU) and mineral turnover in bone and in the arterial calcifications (AC), using a computational method applied to PET/CT data. 79 18F-NaF PET/CT from patients with AC were retrospectively analyzed. Mean AC density and background-corrected uptake (TBR) were estimated after semi-automatic isocontour segmentation. The same values were assessed in the trabecular bone, using an automatic adaptive thresholding method. Patients were then stratified into terciles, according to their mean HU plaque density (“light”, “medium” or “heavy” calcifications”). 35 18F-NaF PET/CT from patients without AC served as controls. Vertebral density and TBR were lower in patients than in controls (137±25 vs. 160±14 HU, P<0.001); (6.2±3.9 vs. 8.4±3.4, P<0.05). Mean trabecular TBR values were 8.3±4, 4.5±2.1 and 3.5±1.8 in light, medium and heavy AC groups, respectively (P<0.05 for light vs. medium and P<0.01 for light vs. heavy). Similarly, mean trabecular HU was 143±19, 127±26 and 119±18 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.01 for light vs. heavy). Mean AC density was inversely associated with the trabecular HU (R=-0.56, P<0.01). Conversely, plaques’ TBR directly correlated with the one in trabecular bone (R=0.63, P<0.001). At multivariate analysis, the sole predictor of vertebral density was plaque HU (P<0.05). Our data highlight a correlation between plaque and bone morpho-functional parameters and suggest that observing skeletal bone characteristics could represent a novel window on atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Evaluation of planar bioluminescence imaging and microPET/CT for therapy monitoring in a mouse model of pigmented metastatic melanoma

    包量

    机译 评价平面生物发光成像和microPET / CT在色素性转移性黑色素瘤小鼠模型中的治疗监测
    摘要：Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is widely used for in-vivo monitoring of anti-cancer therapy in mice. [18F]MEL050 is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiotracer which specifically targets melanin. We evaluated planar BLI and [18F]MEL050-PET/CT for therapy (pro-apoptotic peptide LZDP) monitoring in a mouse model of metastatic pigmented melanoma. Twelve B6-albino mice were intravenously injected with B16-F10-luc2 cells on day 0 (D0). The mice received daily from D2 to D17 either an inactive peptide (G1, n=6), or LZDP (G2, n=6). They underwent both BLI and [18F]MEL050-PET/CT imaging on D2, D8 and D17. The number of visible tumors was determined on BLI and PET/CT. [18F]MEL050 uptake in tumor sites was quantified on PET/CT. After sacrifice (D17), the number of black tumors was counted ex-vivo. On D2, BLI and PET/CT images were visually negative. On D8, BLI detected 8 tumor sites in 4/6 mice of G1 vs 5 in 3/6 mice of G2 (NS); PET/CT was visually negative. On D17, BLI detected 17 tumor sites in 5/6 mice of G1 vs 10 in 4/6 mice of G2 (NS). PET/CT detected 18 tumor sites in 4/4 mice of G1 vs 14 in 3/4 mice of G2 (NS). Mean %ID/g of [18F]MEL050 in tumor sites was lower in G2 than in G1 on D17 (P<0.001), whereas bioluminescence intensity was not different between the 2 groups. Ex-vivo examination confirmed lower number of tumors in G2 (P<0.03). In the small number of animals tested in this study, [18F]MEL050-PET/CT and ex-vivo examination could affirm anti-tumoral effect of LZDP, but not BLI.
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