人体平衡能力检测与健康教育在老年患者跌倒风险评估中的应用

摘要

Objective To evaluate health education in reducing risk of fal ing in elderly patients after cerebral stroke. Methods Ninety elderly patients with balance function disability after cerebral stroke were assigned into intervention group (n=45) and control group (n=45). Health education and conventional care was given for patients in intervention group, while pa-tients in control group received conventional care only. Trunk Sway Angle(TSA), Trunk Sway Speed(TSS) and Fal Index (FI) were measured by CCD video camera in al participants. According to fal index, patients were classified as mild, moderate and se-vere disability of balance function; and TSAeo, TSAec, TSSeo and TSSec were compared between mild, moderate and severe disability groups. The frequency of falling in intervention and control groups was also documented. Results The fal ing indexes on CCD video system showed significant differences among patients with different severity of balance function disability; and there was an increasing trend of fal ing frequency with the elevated severity of balance function disability. Patients in intervention group were less likely to fall than those in control group. Conclusion Fal ing index of CCD video system is of clinical value to assess the balance function disability in elderly patients after stroke, and health education can reduce the frequency of fal ing in these patients.%目的：探讨人体平衡能力检测与健康教育在老年患者跌倒风险评估中的作用。方法选取脑血管意外后平衡功能障碍患者共90例，按随机数字表法分为平衡功能障碍干预组和对照组，每组45例。利用CCD摄像仪检测系统检测两组患者的平衡能力，观察其身体动摇角度（TSA）、身体动摇速度（TSS）和跌倒指数（FI）。根据FI值分为轻度、中度、重度平衡功能障碍，观察并记录1年内每周跌倒情况。结果两组不同程度平衡功能障碍者间TSAeo（睁眼）、TSAec（闭眼）、TSSeo、TSSec的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）；轻度、中度、重度平衡功能障碍者跌倒次数的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01），且随着平衡功能障碍严重程度的增加，患者跌倒次数呈升高趋势。干预组与对照组比较，发生跌倒的例次减少，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论使用CCD摄像仪检测系统并用FI值划分平衡功能障碍的严重程度对预测老年人跌倒发生率有临床意义；规范的健康教育、提高防范意识可有效减少老年人跌倒的发生率。