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红原县湿地时空格局变化及其生态效应

     

摘要

Based on theLandsat TM/MSS remote sensing images in 1975,1990,1995,2000,2005 and 2010,by adopting the combination of object?oriented and the decision tree classification method,this paper finished the Hongyuan County's wetland information interpretation and analyzed the spatial?temporal variation characteristics and its ecological effect combining the ecological effect index and the amount of soil erosion. The results indicate that the Hongyuan County wetland is given priority to paludification meadows; recently, the evolution trend is peat swamp,paludification meadows,wet meadows and meadow. About 62.03% areas present the declining and fluctuation characteristics. The centroid of wetlands occurs offset with the northeast migration 128.56 m in 1975-2000 and the southwest migration 757.26 m in 2000-2010. Wetlands mainly distribute in slope less than 6° and poor drainage area; the greater the slope, the higher the loss rate of wetlands. When the slope is from 2° to 6°,the wetland type conversion area decreases with the increase of slope.The Hongyuan County wetland ecolog?ical effect index increases gradually and the proportion of high intensity of soil erosion increases,which reveals Hongyuan County wetland ec?ological security is under increasing threat.%基于1975年、1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年和2010年的Landsat TM/MSS遥感影像,采用面向对象与决策树相结合的分类方法,完成了红原县湿地信息的遥感解译和动态特征分析,并结合生态效应指数和土壤侵蚀量对湿地变化的生态效应进行了分析.结果表明:红原县湿地以沼泽化草甸为主,近年显示出泥炭沼泽→沼泽化草甸→湿草甸→草甸的演化趋势;1975年以来, 62.03%的湿地面积呈现持续减小和波动变化的特点;湿地质心发生偏移,其中1975—2000年向东北偏移128.56 m,2000—2010年向西南偏移757.26 m;湿地集中分布在坡度小于6°且排水不畅的区域,湿地面积减小率随坡度增大而增大,在坡度为2°~6°的区域,各湿地类型的转化面积随坡度的增大而减小;近年来红原县湿地生态效应指数逐渐增大,湿地区土壤强烈侵蚀的比例不断增大,揭示出红原县湿地生态安全受威胁程度日益加重.

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