[Objective] This study aims to screen and identify fungi which adhere on the surface of the cotton by using microbiology and molecular biology methods in order to obtain fungi with high cellulose decom-position ability.[Method]The cotton straw was inoculated into different selective media, and the larger hy-drolysis circle of strains was separated and selected.At the same time the strains'filter paper enzyme activity (FPA)and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na)saccharification vitality were determined, and be-sides,the weight loss rate of cotton stalk fiber was observed continuously for 25 days.[Result]The diameter of the hydrolysis ring of the 4 main strains was SN-1 >SN-4 >SN-3 >SN-4(P =0.013).In terms of CMC -Na saccharification vitality,SN -1 was significantly lower than other three strains(P 0.05)at 120 h.In terms of FPA activity,SN and SN 1-4 strains was significantly higher than SN -2 and SN -3 strains (P SN-3 >SN-2(P SN-4>SN-3>SN-4(P=0.013).对于CMC-Na糖化活力,24~96 h时SN-1菌种显著低于其它3个菌种(P0.05).对于FPA活性,第24和120 h时,SN-1和SN-4菌种显著高于SN-2和SN-3菌种(PSN-3>SN-2 (P<0.05).通过镜检和分子生物学鉴定,得到4株菌种分别为:SN-1为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger),SN-2为赤霉(Gibberella moniliformis),SN-3为链格孢霉(Alternaria nees),SN-4为青霉菌(Penicillium italicum).[结论]黑曲霉降解棉花秸秆的效果最为显著.对于CMC-Na糖化酶活力、滤纸酶活性以及棉花秸秆的实际失重率(降解率),接种黑曲霉或青霉菌时表现均最佳.
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