Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GnRH antagonists (GnRH-ant) on follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (FF VEGF). Methods: Sixty women undergoing assisted reproduction were randomised (computer generated randomisation list) and assigned to two different GnRH analogue regimens: GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) (Group A; n = 30) and GnRH-ant (Group B; n = 30). Results: Mean (±SD) FF VEGF concentrations were 1598 ±612 pg/mL and 2906 ±1558 pg/mL for Groups A and B, respectively (p < 0.001). In the women treated with GnRH-ant, we found a statistically significant reduction in serum LH levels (1.72 ±0.74 IU/L in Group A versus 0.93 ±0.43 IU/L in Group B, p < 0.001), in serum oestradiol (E2) levels (1562.1 ±410.7 pg/mL in Group A versus 1214.67 ±779.9 pg/mL in Group B, p < 0.05), in FF E2 levels (1146 ±593 ng/mL in Group A versus 621 ±435 ng/mL in Group B, p < 0.05), and in FF androstenedione levels (136 ±55 ng/mL in Group A versus 78 ±31 ng/mL in Group B, p < 0.001), as well as a reduction in the number of pregnancies, though not statistically significant (23.3%in Group A versus 16.6%in Group B). Conclusion: The increase in FF VEGF levels in women treated with GnRH-ant might be explained by a suppression of LH and E2 levels.
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