Objective This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. Methods HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. Results HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were successfully prepared. Their contact angle was almost zero. These composite coatings were applied in vitro, with a drug released early and a burst release effect. The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts. Conclusion The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium.%目的：探讨在钛表面制备羟磷灰石（HA）/壳聚糖（CS）-转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）缓释微球复合涂层及其对成骨细胞黏附与增殖的影响。方法通过物理-化学-生物改性联合方式制备HA/CS-TGF-β1缓释微球复合涂层。运用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等分析涂层的形貌和物相；使用CCK-8及免疫荧光检测其对成骨细胞的细胞毒性及细胞黏附和增殖的影响。结果成功制备HA/CS-TGF-β1缓释微球复合涂层，该涂层制备具有超亲水性，体外释药稳定且时间长，成骨细胞在此复合涂层的钛片上生长无抑制，且对细胞的黏附与增殖具有促进作用。结论 HA/CS-TGF-β1缓释微球复合涂层在体外对于成骨细胞的黏附与早期增殖有明显的促进作用，具有良好的运用前景。
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