基准剂量法作为一种新的确定参考剂量的方法，在运用于水质基准风险评价中制订非致癌物的可接受水平时，弥补了以往采用未观察到不良效应水平（NOAEL）作为指标的不足。该方法能从数理统计学的角度解释和发展剂量反应关系，体现了显著的科学性，已成为毒理学界确定参考剂量（RFD）的一种有效方法。首先，从水质基准的定义、分类、水质基准和水质标准的区别及水质基准方法学4个方面阐述了水质基准的相关概念。其次，详细总结了水质基准的国内外相关研究。然后，介绍了我国饮用水水质基准值的计算公式。再次，运用统计学知识详细阐明了基准剂量法的原理。最后，结合我国水环境质量标准管理体系的现状，提出了我国水质标准需要进一步完善的方面，以及开展我国水质基准研究的重要性和迫切性，并对下一步研究重点做出了展望。%Bench mark dose method as a new method to determine the reference dose, making up the deficiency of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level as an indicator of acceptable levels of the non-carcinogens in water quality criteria risk as-sessment previously. BMD has become a method to determining the Reference Dose in toxicology, which understanding and developing the dose-response relationship from the perspective of mathematics, and reflecting the scientific significance. First, the concept, classification, the distinguish between water quality criteria and water quality standard, the methodology of derivation of water quality criteria are introduced. Second, the relevant research of domestic and abroad water quality criteria are summarized in detail. Third, the calculation formula of drinking water quality criteria in china are introduced. Then, the principles of BMD are introduced in particulars through science of statistics. Finally, combined with the water quality stan-dard management system status, some problems and aspects to be further improved and perfected of Chinese water quality standards as well as the importance and urgency of Chinese water quality criteria studies are proposed. Countermeasures on revision of the water quality standards are put forward,and future research directions in water quality criteria are outlined.
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