Honghu Lake is the seventh largest freshwater lake in China and located in the Jianghan Lakes which is in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is taking an important mission of water suppply, flood stoarge and drainage, pollution self-purification, agricultural and fishery production, and is also a carrier of sniping and tourism. After a number of changes in the history, Honghu Lake shows its ecological complexity and diversity among the similar lakes. This thesis explains the formation and environmetal evolution of Honghu Lake, and summaries the main paimary drivers and its mechanism as follow: geological activities and flooding of the Yangtze River laid the foundation of honghu Lake; The paleoclimate environment promoted Honghu area changes and swampiness; Modem human activities has further exacerbated the degeneration of ecological environment in Honghu Lake; the Three Gorges Project will promote the restoration of Honghu ecological environment, but may also exacerbate the sediment deposition.%洪湖位于长江中游江汉湖群,是中国第七大淡水湖.担负着长江中游江汉平原地区的供水、蓄洪排涝、污染自净、农渔业生产等重任,同时也是航运和旅游的载体.洪湖历史上经历了多次变迁,在同类型湖泊中表现出其生态的复杂性和多样性.本文阐述了洪湖的形成与环境演变历程,总结了洪湖演变的主要驱动力及其作用机制,认为地质活动和长江泛滥奠定了洪湖的成湖基础;古气候环境推动了洪湖面积变化和沼泽化过程;近代人类活动进一步加剧了洪湖生态环境的退化;三峡等水利工程会促进洪湖生态环境的恢复,但也可能加剧洪湖的淤积.
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