Coal, as a kind of non-renewable resource, its chemical product is widely used in chemical industry, metallurgy, electric power industry and defense industries, etc. The lack of energy and the ever-decreasing resources make coal chemical more and more popular. At meanwhile, more and more attention also has been paid to the development of coal chemical industry. This article reviewed the coal coking technology, coal gasification technology and coal liquefaction technology. A detailed description is given on several new technologies, including coal to oil, coal to olefin, coal to glycol, coal to gas. Based on the systematic exposition of the basic principles and existential questions of the three technologies, research progress and practical application of new coal chemical industry at home and abroad is described. It proposes that the future development of coal chemical industry should comply with the trend to speed up the pace of refinement and large scale development, and the future research should focus on the development of co-production technology, diversified products, high and new technology, aimed at resolving the problem of excess production capacity, products identical and low energy conversion.%煤炭作为一种不可再生资源,其化工产品被广泛应用于化工、冶金、电力和国防等众多领域.能源的匮乏及资源的日益减少,使得煤化工越来越受到人们的青睐.与此同时,煤化工技术的发展也愈来愈引起重视.本文回顾了:煤焦化、煤气化、煤液化三大煤化工技术.详细介绍了煤制油、煤制烯烃、煤制乙二醇、煤制天然气等新型煤化工技术.概述了三大煤化工技术的作用原理以及存在的问题,国内外新型煤化工技术在实际生产中的应用情况及研究进展.提出未来煤化工技术的发展,应顺应趋势加快精细化、大型化发展的步伐.指出了在精细化、大型化的发展趋势下,未来应重点研究开发联产技术、多元化产品、高新技术,旨在解决产能过剩、产品雷同、能源转化率低等问题.
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