盾构刀具关键技术及其最新发展

摘要

针对盾构刀具技术研究存在的不足，从刀具种类及适应性、性能差异性等方面对盾构刀具技术及其发展历程进行概述。将盾构刀具关键技术分为刀具结构、刀具材料、刀具制造工艺及磨损检测技术等4个方面，对梯度结构刀圈、新型刀毂、内腔带压滚刀等新型盾构刀具结构进行介绍；对新型硬质合金刀圈、粗晶颗粒硬质合金、耐磨堆焊材料等具有优越性能的刀具材料进行研究；从熔炼及锻造、等温球化退火、热处理工艺等方面分析刀具制造工艺；在统计分析刀具失效形式的基础上，全面分析刀具质量稳定性、现场管理措施、安装形式等影响因素，阐述刀具磨损检测技术现状，提出刀具磨损量可视化测量等发展方向。最后对盾构刀具技术的最新发展进行总结，提出今后的研究方向，为盾构刀具优化设计及盾构施工中的刀具管理提供指导。%Contraposing the deficient researches in the cutting tool of shield machine,this paper offers a general introduction to the technology and development of shield cutters from the aspects of cutter classification,geological adaptability,cutting performance and so on.Moreover,a brood of newly inventions such as gradient-structured cutter ring,cutter hob,disc cutter with a pressurized inner cavity are also introduced in terms of their structures,materials, manufacturing techniques and wear detection.The introduction also includes some new types of super materials such as cemented-carbide cutter rings,coarse grained cemented carbide,anti-wearing surfacing materials and etc. The manufacturing techniques of cutters are also analyzed from the aspects of smelting,forging,isothermal spheroidizing annealing,heating processing and so on.Based on the statistics of failures of cutters,by a thorough analysis of the affecting factors such as quality stability,site management,loading process and so on,this paper introduces the current situation of cutter wear detection technology and proposes the development trend of visualized detection of cutter wearing. Finally,it sums up the latest development of cutter technology and points out its developing trends,hoping to provide guides for the optimal design and site management of shield cutting tools.