铁路隧道光面爆破施工技术与管理实例

摘要

为减少铁路隧道开挖断面超挖或欠挖,提高隧道施工的安全和质量,有效控制施工成本,在爆破参数初步设计的基础上,对周边孔间距、光爆层厚度、炮孔长度、装药量和分段装药结构进行优化,最终采用周边孔间距为35 cm、光爆层厚度为40 cm、炮孔长度为3.2～3.8 m、周边孔每孔装药量为0.6 ～0.75 kg和分3段进行装药的优化参数,爆破效果满足铁路隧道光面爆破控制的要求.另外,在爆破作业过程中,通过加强技术交底、技术培训以及合同管理,并严格执行班组长责任制,提高了爆破控制的质量,达到超欠挖控制的目标,有效节约经济费用.%In order to reduce overbreak or underbreak of railway tunnel excavation face,improve the safety and quality of tunnel construction and control the construction cost effectively,the spacing of the surrounding holes,the thickness of smooth blasting layer,the length of blasting hole,the charge quantity and sectioning charge structure are optimized.After optimization,the spacing of surrounding hole of 35 cm,the thickness of the smooth blasting layer of 40 cm,the length of blasting hole of 3.2-3.8 m,the charge for single surrounding hole of 0.6-0.75 kg and three section charge are selected,which can meet smooth blasting control requrements of railway tunnel.Meanwhile,the blasting control quality and overbreak and underbreak control are improved and the construction cost is reduced by relevant management methods.