The Pre-Qin Legalists think that the “Gong” is the interests and will of the monarch and his country; and “the private” is the personal interests and principles of the minister and the people, and they are in opposition to each other.The “Gong” dominates “the private”, and the latter is subordinated to the former. Moreover, the monarch must make the “Gong” and abandon “the private” .The “justice” is the principle of being consistent with the “Gong” .The complex concept of the “Gong” has its profound theoretical foundation of philosophy, political philosophy and human nature. The monarch needs to have some quality, ability and means for the practice of the “Gong” .The Pre-Qin Legalists’ thought of the “Gong” has its positive side.For example, it seeks the unity, pursues “the rule of law” and attaches great importance to the “justice” .But, it also has inherent defects.For instance, it maintains the interests of the monarch but suppresses the ones of the people, pays attention to “cruel penalty and severe punishment” but against the role of the morality in governing the country, and unilaterally seeks the singleness but destroys the personality and the diversity.%先秦法家认为，“公”是君主和国家的利益和意志，“私”是臣民个人的利益和原则，它们是相互对立的。“公”主宰“私”，“私”服从“公”，要“立公”而“弃私”。其“公”论有深刻的哲学、政治、人性等方面的理论基础。实现“公”需要具备一些素养、能力和手段。法家“公”思想有其积极的一面，比如，求统一、讲法治、重公正。但也有其内在的不足。如，利君而抑民，主张“严刑重罚”而否认道德在治理国家中的作用，片面追求单一性而忽视个性与多样性等。
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