基于优先级与时间裕度的卫星应急观测任务规划

摘要

Emergency observations are tasks executed by earth observation satellites to support some urgent ground operations. They are usually pressing and concentrative so as to increase the difficulty of mission planning. According to the characteristics of emergency observations,main attributes of satellites and tasks influencing mission planning are described. In consideration of both importance and emergency,task priori-ty is defined,and time margin degree,an attribute about the extent of task emergency demand satisfaction, is put forward. A planning model is constructed,including an objective based on task priority and time mar-gin degree,and constraints to satisfy. Then genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. Comparison with conventional mission planning with the objective to maximize task importance shows the proposed model is effective on promoting success rates of tasks.%应急观测是对地观测卫星为配合地面紧急行动而执行的任务，具有紧迫性、集中性等特点，为任务规划带来了困难。针对应急观测的特点，描述了影响任务规划的卫星资源及任务的主要属性，定义了考虑重要性与紧迫性的任务优先级，提出了一个反映任务紧迫性要求满足程度的属性———时间裕度。建立了任务规划模型，构造了一个基于优先级与任务时间裕度的规划目标，确定了一系列规划约束，并利用遗传算法对模型进行求解。通过与最大化任务重要度的常规任务规划进行对比可见，所建立的模型能够有效提高任务成功率。