太阳系中相对论效应下的时间同步与转移

摘要

A wide range of temporal and spatial relativistic transformation induces clock measurement error in the satellite’s clock synchronizing of deep space exploration.The components and magnitudes of various rela-tivistic effects of space-borne clocks on common Earth-orbiting satellites and interplanetary probes are derived. It is confirmed useful to eliminate secular relativistic effects by clock frequency adjusting,and reduce periodic relativistic effects by real-time compensating.An interval frequency adjustment with error-restrict and a leap seconds method are adopted to restrict secular relativistic effect errors when the clocks lack frequency resolu-tion.A cross correlation function is used to evaluate periodic errors when it is impossible to get the real-time po-sition and velocity.The simulations show that the proposed error eliminating methods are effective,which could be used to provide solutions to improve clock synchronization of Mars exploration.%深空探测时间同步过程中由于大范围时空转移引起的时钟测量相对论效应误差不可忽视。研究了普遍类型的地球轨道卫星以及太阳系行星探测器与地面时钟的同步与转移，分析计算了星载时钟测量相对论效应的误差组成和量级，验证了频率调整法和实时补偿法消除相对论误差的有效性。提出在星载时钟频率调整分辨率不足时，可采取定步长、带误差限的时钟频率调整或“跳秒”的形式控制时钟测量相对论效应长期误差，提出在无法实时获得航天器位置和速度时，根据互相关法估计周期误差模型。仿真验证了这些方法的有效性，并为火星探测过程中时钟与地面时间同步提供了方案。