喷嘴是产生空化的主要元件，研究分析喷嘴的结构对空化产生的影响，对提高空化作用效率具有十分重要的指导意义。为探索设计应用于倒空的喷嘴结构对空化流场的影响，本文基于FLUENT软件，对不同结构喷嘴内外的空化流场进行仿真模拟，对比分析流场的速度、汽含率及湍动能的分布规律，分析不同喷嘴结构对空化现象的影响，初步选定适合装药倒空的喷嘴结构，为以后的倒药试验提供一定的理论依据。研究结果表明不同结构喷嘴都发生了明显的空化现象，自激喷嘴和双锥度喷嘴在喷嘴出口段空化现象明显，具有较长的空化区域，比较适合用于水力空化技术倒空弹丸装药研究。%Nozzle is the major component to trigger cavitation phenomenon. For the nozzle structure has an effect on the cavitation producing,the related study has particular significance to improving the cavitation efficiency. In order to explore the influence on the structure of the nozzle that used on the explosive removal. The cavitation flow fields of three type of nozzle included single cone angles convergent-divergent nozzle,double cone angles convergent-divergent nozzle and self-excited nozzle are simulated using FLUENT software. Through analyzing the velocity of flow field,cavity density and distribution of turbulent kinetic energy,and discussing the effect of different types of nozzle on cavitation phenomenon,the nozzle structure which is fit for explosive removal is selected,which provided a theoretical basis for explosive removal experiment. The results show that obvious cavitation phenomenon occurs utilizing all of these nozzles. The nozzle exit areas of self-excited nozzle and double cone angles nozzle appear obvious cavitation phenomenon and wide cavitation area,and therefore these two nozzles are suit for explosive removal using hydrodynamic cavitation.
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