5种物理吸附剂对模拟废水中重金属的吸附效果

摘要

The heavy metal absorption effect of five physical adsorbents from simulated wastewater was conducted by the orthoganal design,the influence of factors such as pH,addition amount and shake time on heavy metal absorption were analyzed.The results showed that five physical adsorbents had high absorbing efficiency to Pb,Cd,Mn,Zn,Cr and Ni under certain pH,addition amount and shake time.Active carbon had the maximum absorption rate to Pb,Cr and Ni,charcoal had the maximum absorption rate to Mn and Zn and plant ash had the maximum absorption rate to Cd.These three adsorbents were suitable for application in the treatment of heavy metal waste water.The influence of different factors on Mn,Zn,Cd and Ni of active carbon,Pb,Cd and Mn of charcoal and plant ash of six kinds of heavy metal were in the order of pHadsorbent addition amountshake time.It demonstrated that pH and absorbent addition amount were the main factors of heavy metal absorption.The optimum absorption conditions of heavy metal from waste water by active carbon,charcoal and plant ash were absorbent addition amount 40.0 g·L-1,pH 10.0-10.5 and 180 minutes shake time.%采用模拟重金属废水的正交试验设计,研究5种物理吸附剂对模拟废水中重金属的吸附效果,探讨pH、吸附剂加入量和振荡时间等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,在一定pH、吸附剂加入量和振荡时间下,5种物理吸附剂对6种重金属（Pb、Cd、Mn、Zn、Cr、Ni）均有较好的吸附效果,其中活性炭对Pb、Ni和Cr的吸附率最大,木炭对Mn和Zn的吸附率最大,草木灰对Cd的吸附率最大。pH、吸附剂加入量和振荡时间对活性炭、草木灰和木炭吸附重金属效果（活性炭对Cd、Mn、Zn、Ni,木炭对Pb、Mn和Cd及草木灰对6种重金属）的影响为：pH〉吸附剂加入量〉振荡时间,说明pH与吸附剂加入量为主要影响因素。活性炭、木炭和草木灰对重金属废水的最佳吸附条件为：吸附剂加入量40 g.L-1,pH 10-10.5,振荡时间180 min。