水刹车冲击塔结构及原理分析

摘要

了解冲击对人体产生的影响、人体对冲击的响应及人体的抗冲击耐力极限值，在医学工程界极为重视。在载人航天飞行中，对人体耐受冲击力指标的研究，是确保航天员生命安全的重要课题。但是一般的冲击阻尼介质难以满足人体的冲击试验要求，因此研制以水为阻尼介质的水刹车冲击塔，为生物冲击及生物防护产品冲击试验提供冲击环境。介绍了水刹车冲击塔的结构组成及工作原理。以任意冲击曲线为例，分析了水刹车冲击塔刹车过程中的运动方程及能量方程，得到了在冲击刹车过程中排水面积的变化规律，通过试验验证了理论分析的正确性，试验重复性好、精度高，冲击波形曲线满足试验及国军标要求。水刹车冲击塔可实现多种冲击波形及脉宽要求，是非常理想的冲击试验设备，性能稳定可靠，可调性强，应用范围广。%Understanding of the impact of shocks on human body, the body’s response to shocks and the endurance limit of human impact attaches great importance to the medical engineering.In manned space flight, the study of impact indicators for human tolerance is an important issue to ensure the safety of astronauts.The general damp medium is difficult to meet the requirements of human shock test, therefor we use water as damp medium to develop the water brake shock tower for providing shock impact environment for biological and bio-protection shock test. This paper introduces the structure and working principle of the straight into water brake shock tower. In case of any shock curve, the drainage area variation is given by analysing the motion equations and energy equations in the braking process of the water brake shock tower.Verified by experiment,we achieve that the theoretical analysis is correct,the test is repeatability and high precision,the shock-shaped curve reaches the test and GJB requirements.Water brakes shock tower which can achieve a variety of shock wave and width pulse is ideal impact test equipment. Its performence is stable, reliable, adjustable and with a wide range of applications.