受爆结构“损伤标识”安全性评估方法的两个关键问题

摘要

损伤标识的模型化和爆炸源物质的非确定性是采用“损伤标识”法进行受爆结构安全性评估中面临的两个问题.以某受爆变电站为例,给出了问题的完整解决方法.借助数值模拟和试验研究,遵循“现象识别→信息提取→模型表达”流程,可实现损伤标识的模型化.对于爆炸源物质的非确定性问题,首先根据爆炸源类型及爆炸荷载特征,确定冲击波升压和降压时间参数取值范围.然后采用参数敏感性分析的方法确定爆炸荷载.研究结果对受爆结构“损伤标识”安全性评估方法具有一般性意义.%Two issues are occasionally involved in the "damage identification"-based safety assessment method for structures suffered from explosion,i.e.,modeling of damage identification and uncertainty of materials that induced explosion.Integrated solutions for the two issues were proposed in this study and applied to a transformer substation subjected to blast loading with satisfactory accuracy.For the first issue,the damage phenomenon of structures could be modeled in a mathematical manner by means of numerical and experimental methods.A flow path in the form of " damage identification-information extraction-modeling" was also suggested.For the second issue,the reasonable value ranges for the ascending and descending times of explosive loads-time curves could be determined based on the type and characteristic of the explosive source,following a parameter sensitivity analysis.The study results had a general meaning for the " damage identification"-based safety assessment method.