低温下Whipple防护结构超高速撞击效应研究

摘要

文章研究了低温下空间碎片对典型Whipple防护结构的超高速撞击效应.首先在二级轻气炮设备上研制出使用液氮可将撞击靶冷却至-150℃且满足低温超高速撞击试验要求的低温装置.利用该装置开展了低温条件下的超高速撞击试验,对低温和室温两种条件下的试验结果进行了比对,并分别对缓冲屏穿孔特性、碎片云特性和后墙损伤特性之间的差异进行了分析.文章最后给出低温下典型Whipple防护结构的弹道极限曲线.%This paper studies the effects of the hypervelocity impact on typical Whipple Shields at cryogenic temperatures. The cryogenic setup, installed in the target chamber of a two-stage light-gas gun, is developed to cool the targets down to -150 °C with liquid nitrogen to provide the essential condition for tests of shield structures at cryogenic temperatures. Several hypervelocity impact tests were carried out at cryogenic temperatures, and the impact results are compared with those obtained at room temperature, including the characteristics of bumper penetration, debris cloud, and rear wall damage. The ballistic limit curves of typical Whipple shields at cryogenic temperatures are obtained.