归因于空间环境的航天器故障与异常

摘要

The effect of the natural space environment on the design, development and operation of spacecraft is discussed by a series of NASA reports compiled by Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch, Systems Analysis and Integration Laboratory, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. Among these reports, NASA RP-1390 contains a detailed discussion of seven major environmental issues, including their definitions, related design concerns, and their influence on spacecraft subsystems. Typical cases of more than one hundred spacecraft failures and anomalies that took place during 1974-1994 related with natural space environment are provided in NASA RP-1390, with statistic analyses which may help spacecraft designers and managers to minimize the risk and optimize the design in reduced cost to better accomplish the target flight mission.%天然空间环境对航天器设计、研制和运行的影响是NASA马歇尔空间飞行中心系统分析和集成实验室电磁与航空宇宙环境部组织编写的一系列NASA RP报告的主题.其中,NASA RP-1390详细概述了天然空间环境7个主要环境因素,包括它们的简单定义、相关的型号计划事项以及对各种航天器分系统的影响.该报告提供100多个从1974～1994年间发生的归因于天然空间环境的航天器故障和异常的案例,统计分析天然空间环境及其对航天器的影响.文章是对这篇报告的介绍与点评.