空间站能源系统并网供电技术研究

摘要

For a space station with several cabins or a single cabin, docking with a spaceship or other vehicles, may suffer from insufficient power supply due to the fact that it is out of position or they are shadowed from each other. It is therefore necessary to have a parallel operation power supply for the space station. This paper discusses the parallel operation power supply for the Tiangong-I and the Shenzhou spaceship, where the power is transferred to another cabin through a redundant parallel output and with an automatic current-sharing control. By comparing and analyzing the foreign parallel-operated power supply projects and the characteristics of the International Space Station, ISS-Zarya and MIR, some general projects of the parallel operation power supply for space stations are discussed, and a feasible parallel operation scheme for China's future space station is put forward in the end.%空间站结构复杂,通常由多个舱段组成,与飞船等飞行器进行交会对接后,各舱段和对接飞行器自有的能源系统可能会由于空间位置及相互遮挡等原因而无法满足自身供电需求,这就需要对舱体电源系统进行并网供电.文章论述了“天宫一号”目标飞行器与“神舟”飞船采用的并网供电方案,通过并联冗余及自动均流控制实现不同舱体间的功率传输；在此基础上,通过调研国外空间站并网供电技术,比较了空间飞行器组合体并网供电中的技术方案及特点,总结了目前空间站并网供电模式可采用的类型,最后提出了我国未来空间站并网供电可采取的方案.