载人航天器AIT中心微生物分布特征分析

摘要

为更好地控制载人航天器中的微生物水平，指导未来航天器研制中微生物控制设计，文章采用撞击法对3个载人航天器AIT中心的空气菌落数量和菌种分布特征进行了分析。厂房菌落数比较结果显示：北京AIT中心的细菌水平显著高于其他地区AIT (P＜0.05)，天津 AIT中心的真菌水平显著高于其他地区AIT (P＜0.05)，酒泉AIT中心的总菌数在3个地区中最少（P＜0.05）。厂房菌种类别比较结果显示：北京AIT中心的优势细菌为微球菌属、葡萄球菌属等，优势真菌为白假丝酵母菌；天津AIT中心的优势细菌为芽胞杆菌属，优势真菌为曲霉属和青霉属等；酒泉AIT中心的优势细菌为芽胞杆菌属、葡萄球菌属等，优势真菌为曲霉属和球毛壳霉等。本研究表明：各AIT中心的空气微生物分布具有明显的地区差异，这不仅与不同AIT中心所在地的气候特征和厂房设计有关，还受到人员管理因素的影响。文章最后为我国空间站AIT中心的微生物控制设计提出了一些建议。%In order to better control the microbes and to provide guidance for the design of the microbe control in manned spacecrafts in the future, the concentrations and the distribution characteristics of the airborne microbes in three different manned spacecraft AIT centers are measured by using the impacting method. The results show that by comparing the microbes in the three AIT centers, the bacterial level in the Beijing AIT center is significantly higher than that in the AIT of other regions (P<0.05), and the fungal level in the Tianjin AIT center is significantly higher than that in the AIT of other regions (P<0.05). In all three AIT centers, the total amount of microbes in the Jiuquan AIT is the largest (P<0.05). As for the species in AIT centers, in the Beijing AIT, the dominant bacteria are Micrococcus and Staphylococcus;and the dominant fungi are Candida albicans. In the Tianjin AIT center, the dominant bacteria are Bacillus, and the dominant fungi are Aspergillus and Penicillium. In the Jiuquan AIT center, the dominant bacteria are Bacillus and Staphylococcus, and the dominant fungi are Aspergillus. It is indicated that the distribution characteristics of air microbes in different regions are distinctly different, which are affected not only by climatic characteristics and workshop design, but also by human factors.This study provides some guidance on the microbe control in AIT centers of China’s space station.