载人航天器内超声在轨检漏的应用基础研究

摘要

The leak in a manned spacecraft on orbit will lead to disaster, so the leak should be tested and located in time, and the ultrasonic leak detection is an effective method to solve the problem. The generation of ultrasonic waves in the spacecraft leak is analyzed and the center frequency is calculated. Based on the ultrasonic attenuation theory, experiments are carried out and the obtained data are used to fit the attenuation curves and equations of four different leaks. And the verification test is used to validate the fitted curves. It is shown that, in the range from 20 mm to 500 mm, the acoustic pressure level decreases according to the first order exponential decay model and increases with the leak aperture diameter. This paper provides some basic ideas of the on-orbit ultrasonic leak detection system.%载人航天器在轨运行发生泄漏会造成极大的危害，需要及时检测和定位，超声检漏设备是一种便捷有效的在轨检漏方案。文章分析了航天器泄漏产生超声波的原理并计算了对应的中心频率，分析了声压衰减原理并计算了衰减范围，通过试验得到4种漏孔的拟合曲线和方程，针对拟合曲线进行了试验验证。结果表明：在20～500 mm的感知范围内，超声波声压随距离的增大呈一阶指数衰减，并随漏孔直径的增大而增大。本文研究结果可为航天器超声在轨检漏仪的研制和使用提供参考。