空间无损检测技术评述

摘要

With the development of the manned mission and the extended duration orbiter, the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in space emerges as an important technology for the security and reliability of the orbiters. Due to the differences between the environment in space and that on Earth, there are some special needs and requirements of the NDE in space. Since the 1980’s, the USA and the Soviet Union have initiated the requirements of NDE in space and developed related devices. This paper reviews the development and applications of NDE in space, and comments on its prospect in the future.%随着载人航天和深空探测任务的不断推进，空间无损检测技术成为确保飞行器长期在轨安全、可靠运行的重要手段。由于空间环境条件与地面差异大，以及特殊的活动限制，使空间采用的无损检测方法与技术要求具有一定的特殊性。从20世纪80年代开始，美国、苏联等航天先进大国就开始探索在空间实施无损检测的必要性及可行方法，并开发了一些检测装置。文章对空间无损检测技术的发展状况和应用情况进行论述，并对未来技术发展方向作出展望。