扬起的月尘颗粒沉积在月球探测器的太阳电池表面，可导致其性能下降。文章基于层叠遮挡理论，建立了一种月尘遮蔽光线透射的理论模型，利用该模型开展了模拟月尘颗粒形状与粒径对遮蔽效果影响的分析和计算，并与NASA 的同类模型进行了对比分析。分析结果显示：2种模型给出的相对透过率随沉积月尘面密度的变化趋势相同，均呈指数型衰减关系；在随月尘形状、粒径、透过率的变化方面，2种模型存在差异。利用月尘沉积与吸附试验装置实施了模拟月尘沉积试验，验证了所建立模型的正确性，其预测准确度优于NASA模型。%On the moon surface, the floating lunar dust will drop on the lunar rover under the influence of gravity, causing the degradation of the solar cells. Based on the layer overlapping theory, this paper establishes a model of the lunar dust attenuating the transmittance of light, in which the effects of the shape and the size of the particle are also analyzed. A comparative analysis shows that with this model and the NASA’s model, we obtain the same variation tendency of the relative transmittance against the surface density of the lunar dust, as in an exponential function. On the other hand, with these two models, we see differences in the response of the relative transmittance value against the different lunar dust shapes, the characteristic sizes and the transmittance. The verification tests of scattering the simulated lunar dust on the solar cell are carried out in Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering using the facility for the lunar dust aggragations and absorption, and the results validate the model and show that it enjoys a better accuracy compared with the NASA’s model.
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