In the active removal of space debris by the laser-driven method, it is assumed that the laser beams cover the whole debris assemble. This paper proposes to focus the laser beams into a small focal spot on the debris surface. A simple motion model is built to calculate the impulse and the attitude of the space debris of typical shape under a small laser spot irradiation. Fragments in shapes of sphere, cylinder and cube are selected. It is indicated that the momentum transfer by the laser ablation is related with the shape of the debris and the irradiated position. If the impulse direction is along the normal direction of the irradiated surface, the angular velocity of the debris will not change, on the other hand, if the impulse direction is not through the center of mass, the angular velocity and the attitude of the debris will change. The results of this paper may provide a theoretical basis for the active debris removal by the laser-driven method.%在以往的激光烧蚀驱动移除空间碎片研究中,均假设激光光束覆盖整个所关注的空间碎片.文章提出了焦斑式激光辐照下球体、圆柱体和立方体碎片反喷冲量和运动姿态的计算模型,研究了激光辐照在3种形状碎片不同位置处所产生的反喷冲量和姿态变化规律.结果表明:碎片运动规律与碎片几何形状和激光作用位置有关,当反喷冲量过质心时,碎片获得平动冲量;不过质心时,则会改变碎片的角速度或姿态.研究结果可为激光移除空间碎片研究提供理论参考.
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