载人深空长期飞行辐射粒子的磁场防护探讨

摘要

简介了空间辐射环境中的银河宇宙线和太阳质子事件及其对航天员的辐射危害;根据辐射危害防护需求,比较了磁场偏转、电场抵消和等离子体偏转3种防护方法的原理和优缺点;对载人火星探测选用的磁场防护方法进行了初步分析和数值仿真.分析表明:偏转200 MeV能量以下的质子,须在航天器上建造半径2.04 km,质量2240 kg,通过电流1600 A的环形线圈.此方法可以使进入航天器舱室的宇宙线粒子总通量降低3个数量级,能显著地降低空间粒子对航天员的危害.分析结果可为载人深空飞行项目的任务规划、载人飞船设计、辐射危害评价防护措施的制定等提供参考.%In this paper,the deep space flight radiation environment,such as galaxy cosmic ray (GCR) and solar proton event (SPE),and the radiation personnel harm are analyzed.The flight personnel radiation tolerance value and the requirements of radiation protection are analyzed too.Some radiation protection methods,such as magnetic defection,plasma defection and electric field absorb,for human deep space flight are introduced and compared.The preliminary analysis and numerical simulation of the protection method for human exploration of Mars has been carried out.The results show that deflection of proton below 200MeV requires 2.04km coil radius,2240kg coil mass,and 1600A coil current.By using the method of magnetic deflection,the cosmic ray particle flux entering the cabin can be less than 10％,while the particle flux of the solar proton events decreases 3 orders of magnitude,which will greatly reduce the harm caused by space particle radiation on flight personnel.This result can serve as a reference for human deep space flight project planning,design of human interplanetary spacecraft and spacesuit,and the development of protective measures.