不同微生物菌剂对中药渣堆肥过程及理化性质的影响

摘要

[目的]中药渣富含纤维素、作物生长所需的营养元素等,是制作有机肥料的重要来源之一,研究不同微生物菌剂对中药渣堆肥效果的影响,对合理地科学地利用中药渣有机肥的效果有重要意义.[方法]本文以藿香正气液、通天口服混合药液渣为研究对象,分别添加3种高纤维素腐熟速率的复合微生物菌剂(TSM、TEM、TSEM),采用条垛式堆肥系统进行堆肥试验,对比分析了不同微生物菌剂对中药渣堆肥效果,并迸一步分析了堆肥过程中温室气体C02和CH4的排放情况,为中药渣合理地利用提供科学依据.[结果]3种微生物菌剂处理的堆肥过程中温度经历升温期、高温期和降温期,其中TSM处理的高温期持续时间最长,达到了21 d.在整个堆肥周期内,中药渣堆肥的有机质含量表现为TSM＞ TEM＞ TSEM,至堆肥结束时,TSM、TEM、TSEM处理的中药渣堆肥的有机质为78.3％、76.9％和73.1％;仅TEM(T=(终点C/N比)/(初始C/N比)=0.52＜ 0.6)和TSEM(T =0.48＜0.6)处理的堆肥达到腐熟标准,但是仅TSEM处理的堆肥总养分含量(5.03％)和总金属含量达到中华人民共和国农业行业标准——有机肥料,且无毒性(GI=54％);同时在堆肥过程中,TSEM处理的C02排放浓度最低(2.13×105 ～2.73×105mg·m-3),但是CH4排放量较高.[结论]在藿香正气液、通天口服液混合渣中接种TSEM微生物菌剂进行堆肥反应,实现了堆肥物料的资源化、减量化和无害化,但在实际生产过程中要注重温室气体CH4处理.%[Objective] Chinese herbal residue is one of the important resources because of its rich in fiber,nutrient elements.The effects of different microbial agents on Chinese herbal residue composting process are needed to be known,which is very significant to use Chinese herbal residues scientifically and reasonably.[Method]The Chinese herb residue composited of Ageratum liquid and Tongtian oral was used as tested materials,which was applied with three kinds of microbial agents (TSM,TEM,TSEM) which had the capacity of decomposing cellulose.A crib composting was used to compare and analyze the composting effects of different microbial agents on Chinese herb residue.Meanwhile the emissions of CO2and CH4 during composting process were also studied to provide the scientific basis for using the Chinese herbal residues and to make contribution to environment.[Result] There were three periods in composting,including temperature raising period,altithermal period and temperature cooling period,of which the altithermal period lasting for 21 days in TSM treatment was the longest.During the composting,the organic matter contents were in order of TSEM ＞ TEM ＞ TSM,and at the end of composting,the organic matter contents of composting in TSM,TEM and TSEM treatments were 78.3 ％,76.9 ％ and 73.1％,respectively;The Chinese herbal residues compost in TEM (T =0.52 ＜ 0.6) and TSEM (T =0.48 ＜ 0.6) treatment reached the standard of ripe composting.However,the total nutrient content of Chinese herbal residues compost (5.03 ％) reached the level of national organic standard and the compost was non-toxic (GI =54 ％) only in TSEM treatment.The emission of CO2 (2.13-2.73 × 105mg · m-3) in TSEM treatment was lower than that in others,but the emission of CH4 was highest during composting.[Conclusion]The application of TSEM in the Chinese herbal residues could basically achieve compost material utilization,reduction and harmless,but in the actual production process,the emission of greenhouse gases CH4 was paid to attention.