抗生素被广泛应用于治疗和控制人类及其他动物的细菌感染性疾病,并且可以作为饲料添加剂或生长促进剂用于禽畜养殖.大量抗生素通过有机肥施用、污水灌溉等途径持续进入土壤,导致土壤环境中抗生素种类不断增加、含量逐年增高.抗生素污染会对土壤中微生物、动物、植物等产生直接或间接的影响,诱导耐药菌株及抗性基因的产生,并且抗生素还可以被植物吸收,通过食物链影响人类健康.本文系统介绍了近20年来土壤中抗生素的相关研究,并着重就土壤中抗生素的来源归趋、环境行为以及时空分布情况进行了总结.研究认为土壤中抗生素的环境行为受抗生素种类和土壤性质的强烈影响,并且土壤中抗生素的时空分布与其环境行为和人类活动密切相关.%Antibiotics are widely used for the treatment and control of the bacterial infections for human and other animals, and they are used also as growth promotors and additives in livestock production. The consumption of antibiotics used in medical care, animal husbandry has an increasing trend in recent decades. Large amount of antibiotics was introduced into soils from organic fertilizer and wastewater irrigation. Antibiotics in soils may have directly and indirectly influences on soil microorganisms, animals and plants, and induce the antibiotics-resistance strains and genes. Furthermore, antibiotics can be introduced also into the food chain through absorption of crop roots, and this may threaten to human health. This review focused on the sources, environmental behavior, spatial distribution, and seasonal variation of antibiotics in soil environment. Recent studies revealed that the environmental behavior of antibiotics in soil was strongly influenced by the types of antibiotics and soil properties, and the spatial-temporal variability of antibiotics in soil environment was related to the environmental behavior of antibiotics and human activities.
展开▼
