生物质炭醋糟复配物代替草炭对辣椒幼苗生长的影响

摘要

There are more and more concerning on application of biochar in agriculture. Aiming to avoid excessive use of peat resource and explore its substitute, a pepper seeding experiment in the greenhouse was carried out. Three biochars (pyrolysised in 350.C, herb residue biochar, sawdust biochar and pig manure biochar as follow) were selected to be mixed with vinegar residue as the organic substrate, vermiculite and perlite as the inorganic substrate, and then those materials were mixed at four ratios to study their effects on the growth of pepper seedlings with peat substrate as control. After mixed with vinegar residue at different ratios, the pH and air filled porosity of biochar substrate became more appropriate for seeding. As a whole, the treatments containing 20% biochar showed better in height, stem diameter, leaf area, ground biomass of pepper seedlings, the treatments including 20% and 40% herb residue showed better in root surface and root volume while showed no significant difference with the control in short term, but better significantly than peat substrate in later period. The seedling index of treatments (B1A2(herb residue biochar∶vinegar residue∶vermiculite∶perlite=4∶2∶3∶1), B1A4(herb residue biochar∶vinegar residue∶vermiculite∶perlite=2∶4∶3∶1), B2A4(sawdust biochar∶vinegar residue∶vermiculite∶perlite = 2∶4∶3∶1)) were higher significantly than other treatments. Considering the multiple growth indicators of pepper seedling, the treatments B1A2 and B1A4 performed best among all treatments. So it is concluded that the two substates can replace peat for the pepper seedlings growth.%生物质炭的农业利用日益受到关注.针对草炭资源日益耗竭的问题,以药渣炭、木屑炭和猪粪炭为试验对象,配比一定量的醋糟,分析了不同配比生物质炭复合基质对辣椒幼苗生长的影响,探讨了生物质炭复合基质代替草炭基质的可能性.试验结果表明:生物质炭在与醋糟按4∶2、3∶3、2∶4等不同配比混合后,基质的pH大多数在6.0~7.5,基质的通气孔隙有所提高.综合整个幼苗生育期,含20%生物质炭的各复合基质处理的辣椒幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部生物量均显著优于对照草炭基质;含20%、40%药渣炭的基质处理的幼苗根表面积、根体积表现较好,在前期与草炭基质无显著差异,后期显著高于草炭基质.药渣炭和木屑炭与醋糟混配基质的壮苗指数优于草炭处理,其中B1A2(药渣炭∶醋糟∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=4∶2∶3∶1)、B1A4(药渣炭∶醋糟∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶4∶3∶1)、B2A4(木屑炭∶醋糟∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶4∶3∶1)处理的壮苗指数均显著高于其他处理.综合评价各生长指标,B1A2和B1A4处理基质的表现最好,可代替草炭基质在辣椒育苗上应用.