世界各国在长期发展中形成了不同的社会保障模式，导致其社会保障支出结构及带来的社会效应均存在差异。本文选取典型模式代表国家美国、德国、瑞典的社会保障支出结构与社会效应指标，利用1995—2009年的数据，对二者之间的关系进行实证分析。发现3个国家两种指标之间的关系存在一定的相似性，大多数社会保障支出结构指标都对贫困人口率和基尼系数产生了负效应。我国可从中得到启示，进一步加大对残疾保障、住房保障、生存保障和教育支出的投入。%Countries worldwide have formed different social security modes from long - term development. They have various social security expenditure structures, thus leading to different social effects. This article selects the United States, Germany, and Sweden as representative countries of typical modes, uses data from 1995 to 2009, and conducts empirical research on their social security expenditure structures indices and social effects indices The conclusion is that there exists similarity in the two kinds of indices in three countries, and most of the social security indices have negative effects on poverty rate and Gini coefficient. China can draw lessons from the analysis that it is necessary to further increase investments in disability protection, housing, surviving, and education.
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