广东省怀集县中学生自杀未遂状况调查及相关因素分析

摘要

目的：了解广东省怀集县中学生自杀未遂的报告率，探讨其危险因素，为实施心理危机干预提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，在广东省怀集县两所中学每个年级各抽取2个班级共12个班级的593名学生为调查对象。采用自编人口学问卷、自杀未遂调查表进行匿名调查。通过 Logistic 回归模型探讨自杀未遂相关因素。结果共567份（95.6％）问卷纳入最终分析。被访者平均年龄（15.1±11.6）岁，女生293名（51.7％）。自杀未遂率为4.8％，女男自杀未遂率比为2.2：1。女性（OR ＝3.4，95％ CI：1.2～9.3）、认识的本校同学有自杀行为（OR ＝15.4，95％ CI：5.9～40.2）、近一个月因心理问题影响学习（OR ＝9.2，95％ CI：2.8～30.4）是既往自杀未遂的独立危险因素，班主任为女性（OR ＝0.2，95％ CI：0.1～0.5）可能是独立保护性因素。结论怀集县中学生，尤其是女生自杀未遂发生率高，应根据研究发现的自杀未遂相关因素在怀集县建立有针对性的自杀预防体系。%Objective To investigate the rate of suicide attempts in middle school students of Huaiji county in Guangdong province,and to explore the associated factors of suicide attempts so that we could get enough information for local psychological crisis intervention. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect samples from two middle schools in Huaiji county. We used self - designed demographic questionnaire and Suicide Attempts Scale to collect data. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the associated factors. Results A total of 567(95. 6% )of the questionnaires were incorporated in the final analysis. The average age of the students was(15. 1 ± 11. 6),and there were 293 girls of them. The rate of suicide attempts was 4. 8% . The female - male ratio for prevalence of suicide attempts was 2. 2:1. Female(OR = 3. 4,95% CI:1. 2 ~ 9. 3),knowing classmates who have suicidal behavior(OR = 15. 4,95% CI:5. 9 ~ 40. 2),having psychological problems which affect normal study in the nearest month(OR = 9. 2,95% CI:2. 8 ~ 30. 4)were independent risk factors of suicide attempts,whereas a female head teacher may be a protective factor(OR = 0. 2,95% CI:0. 1 ~ 0. 5). Conclusion The prevalence of suicide attempts is high in middle school students of Huaiji county,especially in female students. A purposeful suicide prevention system in Huaiji should be established according to the associated factors found in this study.