四川盆地的陆地岛屿效应——基于树麻雀的形态变异

摘要

以树麻雀Passer montanus为研究对象,采集四川盆地及周边地区558个样本的7项形态指标,控制纬度因子的偏相关分析表明,树麻雀的体质量、尾长、跗跖长与海拔极显著正相关(P＜0.01),体长与海拔显著正相关(P＜0.05);控制海拔因子的偏相关分析表明,树麻雀的体质量、翅长与纬度极显著正相关(P＜0.01).按照海拔将树麻雀分为3组:四川盆地(海拔平均值:484.25 m,海拔范围:219 ～725 m)、华中平原(海拔平均值:250.70 m,海拔范围:46 ～784 m)、盆地周边山地(海拔平均值:2 260.42 m,海拔范围:807 ～4 472 m).单因素方差分析表明:3个树麻雀种群的体质量、翅长、尾长、跗跖长之间的差异有高度统计学意义(P＜0.01),盆地周边山地树麻雀种群的体质量显著或极显著大于四川盆地及华中平原(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).综上,树麻雀体型随海拔升高而显著增大,说明树麻雀的形态变异与海拔变化密切相关,符合贝格曼定律.同时,四川盆地与华中平原树麻雀种群在体质量、体长、尾长、翅长、跗跖长、嘴峰、嘴裂上的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),未能体现出四川盆地的陆地岛屿效应.%We collected 7 morphological characteristics of 558 tree sparrow (Passer montanus) samples in Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas.By using partial correlation analysis,the results showed that:the body mass,tail length,tarsus length had an extremely significant positive correlation with altitude by controlling latitude (P ＜ 0.01),and body length had a significant positive correlation with altitude (P ＜ 0.05);the body mass,wing length had an extremely significant positive correlation with latitude by controlling altitude factor (P ＜ 0.01).The samples were divided into 3 groups based on different altitudes:Sichuan Basin (mean:484.25 m,range:219-725 m),Central China Plain (mean:250.70 m,range:46-784 m) and surrounding mountarns outside Sichuan Basin (mean:2 260.42 m,range:807-4 472 m).One-Way ANOVA was performed in the 3 populations of tree sparrow.The results indicated that the body mass,wing length,tail length and tarsus length were extreme significantly different (P ＜0.01),while the body mass of surrourding mountains outside Sichuan Basin was significantly or extreme significantly greater than those of Sichuan Basin and Central China Plain (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01).The body size was getting bigger with altitude increasing,and this indicated that the morphology variation was closely correlated with altitude,and was consistent with Bergman's rule.However,no significant difference in body mass,body length,tail length,tarsus length,culmen length and rictus was observed between Sichuan Basin and Central China Plain (P ＞ 0.05).This result failed to show continental island effect of Sichuan Basin.