目的：研究儿童屈光参差性弱视与黄斑区厚度、视神经周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度的关系，探讨屈光参差性弱视发病的外周机制。方法从门诊患者中，随机选取屈光参差性弱视儿童（4～14岁）35例，进行双眼视力，散瞳验光查屈光度检查，使用三维频域光学相干断层扫描（3D-OCT ）对黄斑区厚度及视神经周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度进行检测。比较屈光参差弱视患儿的弱视眼与优势眼的黄斑区厚度及视神经周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度的差异。结果患儿平均年龄（9.2±2.8）岁，所有图像质量评分≥6分，弱视眼平均黄斑区厚度（288±15）μm ，对比优势眼平均黄斑区厚度（281±12）μm ，差异具有统计学意义（ P＝0.002）。结论使用3D-OC T 检查，儿童屈光参差性弱视眼的黄斑区平均厚度较优势眼显著增厚。但优势眼和弱视眼的黄斑中心凹厚度，黄斑中央区，内环区及外环区视网膜厚度之间无明显差异。儿童屈光参差性弱视眼的视乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度较优势眼也无显著变化。%Objective To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL ) thickness and macular thickness in the amblyopic eye with that in the sound eye of children with anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT ) .Methods A prospective ,nonrandom ,intraindividual comparative cohort study including 35 children with anisometropic amblyopia in a single center was performed .Macular thickness ,macular foveola thick-ness ,and peripapillary RNFL thickness were compared between the amblyopia eyes and the contralateral sound eyes .Results There were 35 patients ,with a mean age as (9.2 ± 2.8)years (range ,4-14 years) .All OCT signal strength of 6 or higher was considered acceptable .The mean macular thickness was significantly thicker in the am-blyopic eyes (288 ± 15)μm than that in the contralateral sound eyes (281 ± 12)μm , P=0.002 .Conclusion The mean macular thickness was significantly thicker in the amblyopic eyes than the contralateral sound eyes in chil-dren ,but macular foveola thickness and the 1mm ,3mm or 6mm central macular thickness was not significantly different .Eyes with anisometropic amblyopia are not found significant difference in peripapillary RNFL in chil-dren .
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